tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-71179146968345379952024-03-16T11:51:36.777-07:00Clinical Depression: Symptoms and TreatmentMichael Pekkerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00719697048984156330noreply@blogger.comBlogger281125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7117914696834537995.post-63555963303902467912024-02-29T21:28:00.000-08:002024-02-29T21:28:25.727-08:00Views on depression at the Age of Enlightenment<p> </p><p class="MsoNormal">In the Age of Enlightenment, a period marked by intellectual
curiosity, scientific progress, and philosophical discourse, attitudes towards
mental health and depression underwent significant transformation. This era,
spanning the 17th and 18th centuries, saw a reevaluation of traditional beliefs
about the mind and body, leading to new insights into the nature of mental
illness. Philosophers, physicians, and society at large grappled with questions
surrounding depression, shaping understandings and treatments that continue to
resonate in contemporary discourse. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">During the Enlightenment, depression was often described as
a melancholic state of mind characterized by sadness, despondency, and a lack
of motivation. This era marked a transition from superstition-based beliefs
about mental illness to a more rational understanding of emotional distress.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Then, depression came to be viewed as a weakness in
temperament that was inherited and could not be changed. The result of these
beliefs was that people with this condition should be shunned or locked up. During
the latter part of the Age of Enlightenment, doctors began to suggest the idea
that aggression was at the root of the condition.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Actually, a variety of complex explanations for
depression came into being during the latter part of the Age of Enlightenment.
Some doctors and authors suggested that aggression was the real root of depression.
They advocated exercise, music, drugs and diet, and stressed the importance of
discussing problems with a close friend, or a doctor. Others thought that
depression was caused by an internal conflict between unacceptable impulses and
a person's conscience. In contrast, advances in general medical knowledge
caused other scientists to believe in and search for organic (physical) causes
of depression.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><o:p> </o:p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiilrNx5OZjPiSO85PNhW4ESQoIXf-SbSmJYApnQ8ZWebFoCW2cL6YiZkt0OKvWmNIL0ddz0llCZiVuLgF0UOO3dbIwo5uYLV065dfmRKSiXB_OgOrLFxobK0JYsCEE1WEw2SyvOUkOYBRaDUTZNh0twnhx1G1ruTuAb_tPhZHVkbq5YmOMPCJR5Ada/s2057/13976602582_713e9867fa_o-detail-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1460" data-original-width="2057" height="284" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiilrNx5OZjPiSO85PNhW4ESQoIXf-SbSmJYApnQ8ZWebFoCW2cL6YiZkt0OKvWmNIL0ddz0llCZiVuLgF0UOO3dbIwo5uYLV065dfmRKSiXB_OgOrLFxobK0JYsCEE1WEw2SyvOUkOYBRaDUTZNh0twnhx1G1ruTuAb_tPhZHVkbq5YmOMPCJR5Ada/w400-h284/13976602582_713e9867fa_o-detail-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b>Philosophical Perspectives on Mental Health<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Philosophers during the Age of Enlightenment held diverse
views on mental health, shaping societal attitudes towards depression.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Rationalist thinkers like René Descartes emphasized the
importance of reason and self-awareness in maintaining mental well-being. They
viewed mental health issues, such as depression, as disruptions in rational
thought that could be addressed through introspection and self-reflection.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Empiricists such as John Locke focused on sensory
experiences and observation to understand mental health. They believed that
external factors and environmental influences played a significant role in
shaping mental well-being, including the emergence of depressive symptoms.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b>Medical Understanding and Treatments of Depression<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">In the Enlightenment era, the concept of mental illness
began to be studied systematically. Physicians and philosophers developed
theories about the causes of mental disorders, including depression, laying the
groundwork for modern psychiatric understanding.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b>Medical Treatments during the Enlightenment<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Treatment methods for depression during the Enlightenment
varied widely, from bloodletting and purging to the use of herbal remedies and
early forms of psychotherapy. These treatments reflected the evolving beliefs
about the mind-body connection and the need for holistic approaches to mental
health.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Towards the beginning of the 19th century, new therapies
for depression included water immersion (keeping people under water for as long
as possible without drowning them) and a special spinning stool to induce
dizziness (to rearrange the contents of the brain into the correct positions).
In addition, Benjamin Franklin introduced an early form of electroshock
therapy. Horseback riding, special diets, enemas and vomiting were also
recommended therapy.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Other doctors of the time spoke of depression as
resulting from internal conflicts between what you want and what you know is
right. And yet others sought to identify the physical causes of this condition.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Treatments during this period included water immersion
(staying underwater for long as possible without drowning) and using a spinning
stool to put the brain contents back into their correct positions. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Additional treatments included:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Diet changes<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Enemas<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Horseback riding<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Vomiting<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Overall, the treatment for depression could be categorized
the following way:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Philosophical
Counseling</b>: Enlightenment thinkers emphasized the power of reason and
rationality to overcome emotional challenges. Philosophical counseling,
involving discussions and reflections on moral and existential questions, was
sometimes employed to help individuals cope with depression and melancholy.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Religious
Practices</b>: For many people during this period, religion played a central
role in providing comfort and guidance during times of distress. Practices such
as prayer, meditation, and confession were commonly used as means of seeking
solace and spiritual healing.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Moral
and Ethical Guidance</b>: Moral and ethical teachings were often considered
essential for managing one's emotions. Individuals experiencing depression
might turn to moral philosophy or religious teachings for guidance on
cultivating virtues such as courage, temperance, and resilience.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Physical
Remedies</b>: While the understanding of the mind-body connection was limited
compared to modern knowledge, some physical remedies were employed for treating
depression. These might include activities such as exercise, spending time
outdoors, or engaging in pleasurable activities to lift one's spirits.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Social
Support Networks</b>: Friends, family members, and community networks played a
crucial role in providing emotional support during times of distress. Social
interactions and supportive relationships were seen as essential for
maintaining mental well-being.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Artistic
and Creative Expression</b>: Engaging in artistic or creative pursuits, such as
writing, painting, or playing music, was sometimes recommended as a means of
expressing and processing emotions.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Travel
and Change of Environment</b>: Some individuals believed that a change of scenery
or environment could have a positive impact on mental health. Traveling to new
places or spending time in nature was thought to offer opportunities for
reflection and renewal.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Some of the medicinal treatments used during this period
included:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Herbal
Remedies</b>: Herbal remedies were commonly used for various ailments during
the Enlightenment, and some were believed to have mood-altering properties.
Plants such as St. John's Wort, lavender, and valerian were sometimes used to
alleviate symptoms of depression, although their efficacy was not well
understood.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Opium
and Laudanum</b>: Opium, derived from the poppy plant, and laudanum, a tincture
containing opium, alcohol, and other ingredients, were used as painkillers and
sedatives during the Enlightenment. While these substances could temporarily
alleviate symptoms of depression by inducing relaxation and euphoria, they also
carried significant risks of addiction and other adverse effects.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Bloodletting</b>:
Bloodletting, the practice of intentionally withdrawing blood from a patient,
was a common medical treatment during the Enlightenment for a wide range of
ailments, including mental health disorders. It was based on the ancient theory
of balancing bodily humors, but its effectiveness in treating depression was
dubious and potentially harmful.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Electrotherapy</b>:
While not widely practiced during the Enlightenment, there were some early
experiments with electrotherapy for treating mental illness. These treatments
involved the application of electrical currents to the body, with the belief
that they could restore balance and alleviate symptoms. However, these
approaches were experimental and not well understood at the time.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Aromatherapy
and Perfumes</b>: Some physicians and healers believed that certain scents and
perfumes could have therapeutic effects on mood and mental well-being.
Aromatherapy using essential oils extracted from plants was occasionally used
as a complementary treatment for depression and other emotional disturbances.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><o:p> </o:p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1GKxSw7Pz7RrDqRAb_wTcYM5DjjAWBNTf-u0dN80-MtXejTba51We9vRCsm7T1U6ENZpKFcApvngauEEEXeAsaFVT8usFW5WyzSECukblo_6ikANQHmOLqKWWAwBhIkILUn-YXQ22braxj2MpSgNdDB8fKOMf4qYeHab9MEqkm3SlvW3ZDfwGLlnG/s1280/tumblr_odl1j8s0TL1rrnekqo1_1280.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1016" data-original-width="1280" height="318" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1GKxSw7Pz7RrDqRAb_wTcYM5DjjAWBNTf-u0dN80-MtXejTba51We9vRCsm7T1U6ENZpKFcApvngauEEEXeAsaFVT8usFW5WyzSECukblo_6ikANQHmOLqKWWAwBhIkILUn-YXQ22braxj2MpSgNdDB8fKOMf4qYeHab9MEqkm3SlvW3ZDfwGLlnG/w400-h318/tumblr_odl1j8s0TL1rrnekqo1_1280.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b>Social Stigma and Perceptions of Mental Illness<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Attitudes towards mental illness, including depression,
were influenced by societal norms and institutions during the Age of
Enlightenment. Public perceptions of mental illness were often marred by stigma
and misconceptions. Individuals experiencing depression were sometimes seen as
morally weak or spiritually deficient, contributing to feelings of shame and
isolation.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b>The Role of Institutions in Addressing Mental Illness<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Institutions such as asylums and hospitals played a role
in caring for individuals with mental health conditions, including depression.
However, the treatment within these institutions varied greatly, from humane
approaches to neglect and abuse, highlighting the challenges in addressing
mental illness within society. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b>Enlightenment Thinkers and Mental Health<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">In the Age of Enlightenment, prominent figures like
Voltaire and Rousseau shared their perspectives on mental health. Voltaire
believed in the power of reason and advocated for a rational approach to
addressing mental struggles. Rousseau, on the other hand, emphasized the
importance of inner reflection and finding harmony within oneself as a way to
combat depression.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b>Case Studies of Individuals Dealing with Depression<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Exploring the lives of individuals like Mary
Wollstonecraft and Johann Wolfgang von Goethe provides insight into how
depression was perceived and managed in the Enlightenment era. Wollstonecraft's
struggles with mental health shed light on the societal stigmas surrounding
depression, while Goethe's experiences offer a glimpse into the personal
battles individuals faced during this time.<o:p></o:p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6xVEIygWGsBV3HflSrHqLKNV1cQ1s6vZi6uNhfoIjLWN3K3-LWdQDpJx-oynX4F8WIp_qjF5juG5N4gBUTzuKh0mxJprd3n6EH28kIXsLu2FQV8tlQkFXYPP4cMdvDoehxgBO-VPByhcNM_y6cAVG_XmE_QT0m7tAzEObC3QzTrdQPMFlZn5PMvAe/s3456/MV5BMTRiODRhODItOWUzZC00MTgxLThlNTYtMjMyYzg4OWIwZjViL2ltYWdlL2ltYWdlXkEyXkFqcGdeQXVyMTc4MzI2NQ@@._V1_.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="2592" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6xVEIygWGsBV3HflSrHqLKNV1cQ1s6vZi6uNhfoIjLWN3K3-LWdQDpJx-oynX4F8WIp_qjF5juG5N4gBUTzuKh0mxJprd3n6EH28kIXsLu2FQV8tlQkFXYPP4cMdvDoehxgBO-VPByhcNM_y6cAVG_XmE_QT0m7tAzEObC3QzTrdQPMFlZn5PMvAe/w300-h400/MV5BMTRiODRhODItOWUzZC00MTgxLThlNTYtMjMyYzg4OWIwZjViL2ltYWdlL2ltYWdlXkEyXkFqcGdeQXVyMTc4MzI2NQ@@._V1_.jpg" width="300" /></a></div><br /><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><br /></p>Michael Pekkerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00719697048984156330noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7117914696834537995.post-83551104052079902732024-02-13T23:30:00.000-08:002024-02-14T00:10:29.074-08:00May antibiotics cause clinical depression?<p> </p><p class="MsoNoSpacing">There is evidence to suggest that certain antibiotics may
have an impact on mental health, including potentially causing symptoms of
depression in some individuals. Antibiotics can disrupt the balance of bacteria
in the gut, which is increasingly being linked to various aspects of physical
and mental health.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">The gut microbiome plays a crucial role in the production
of neurotransmitters such as serotonin, which is often referred to as the
"happy hormone" due to its role in regulating mood. Disruption of the
gut microbiome through antibiotic use could potentially affect serotonin
production and thereby influence mood.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Additionally, some antibiotics have been associated with
neurological side effects, including symptoms of depression and anxiety. For
example, fluoroquinolone antibiotics like ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin have
been linked to psychiatric side effects, including depression, anxiety, and
even suicidal thoughts in rare cases.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><o:p> </o:p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhO1H7yWqQD9qbioCnoelzNwP1FUVogIwYrWL7Dik8-f7fhpTHHi55iZpSvg1Y9uUpfxUxjp6xgLOPGVVOxgcXukhXwU7jF-jtUXjxPYzRvRxTwtBcIweIV257ecZsQPVeFZuCbZkHgUvBkKrwu_3RxGwVnJRsNDut9LUoWsMOvovadP9lT7Q5mxgGN/s1528/antibiotics%5E0brain.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="800" data-original-width="1528" height="210" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhO1H7yWqQD9qbioCnoelzNwP1FUVogIwYrWL7Dik8-f7fhpTHHi55iZpSvg1Y9uUpfxUxjp6xgLOPGVVOxgcXukhXwU7jF-jtUXjxPYzRvRxTwtBcIweIV257ecZsQPVeFZuCbZkHgUvBkKrwu_3RxGwVnJRsNDut9LUoWsMOvovadP9lT7Q5mxgGN/w400-h210/antibiotics%5E0brain.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b>List of the antibiotics having depression as potential
side effect<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Some antibiotics that have been linked to potential
psychiatric side effects, including depression, include:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Fluoroquinolones:</b>
Antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin belong to
this class. Fluoroquinolones have been associated with a range of psychiatric
side effects, including depression, anxiety, agitation, and even suicidal
thoughts. The FDA has issued warnings about the potential for these antibiotics
to cause these adverse effects, especially in susceptible individuals.
Examples:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Ciprofloxacin<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Levofloxacin<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Moxifloxacin<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Ofloxacin<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Macrolides:</b>
Certain macrolide antibiotics, such as erythromycin and clarithromycin, have
been reported to cause psychiatric symptoms, including depression, in some
cases. While less common than with fluoroquinolones, these side effects can
still occur. Examples:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Clarithromycin<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Erythromycin<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Sulfonamides:</b>
Antibiotics like sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (co-trimoxazole) and
sulfadiazine have been associated with rare cases of depression and other
psychiatric symptoms.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (co-trimoxazole)<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Sulfadiazine<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Other
antibiotics:</b> While less commonly reported, other antibiotics may also
potentially cause psychiatric side effects, including depression. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Linezolid (an oxazolidinone)<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Metronidazole (though it's primarily an
antiprotozoal medication, it's sometimes used as an antibiotic)<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Tetracyclines, like Doxycycline, Minocycline, or
Tetracycline.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in;"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b>Mechanism of Action<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">The exact mechanism by which antibiotics may contribute
to psychiatric side effects, including depression, is not fully understood and
likely involves several factors. However, researchers have proposed several
potential mechanisms that could be involved:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Disruption
of the Gut Microbiome</b>: Antibiotics, particularly broad-spectrum ones, can
alter the composition and diversity of bacteria in the gut, leading to a
condition known as dysbiosis. The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in
producing neurotransmitters such as serotonin, which is involved in regulating
mood. Disruption of this balance could potentially affect neurotransmitter
levels and contribute to mood disorders like depression.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Neuroinflammation</b>:
Antibiotics may trigger an inflammatory response in the central nervous system,
leading to neuroinflammation. Chronic inflammation in the brain has been
implicated in the development of various psychiatric disorders, including
depression.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Direct
Effects on Neurotransmitters</b>: Some antibiotics may directly interfere with
neurotransmitter systems in the brain. For example, fluoroquinolone antibiotics
have been shown to inhibit the activity of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
receptors, which could potentially lead to neurological and psychiatric
symptoms.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Mitochondrial
Dysfunction</b>: Certain antibiotics, particularly fluoroquinolones, have been
shown to disrupt mitochondrial function, which could affect cellular energy
production and contribute to neurological and psychiatric symptoms.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Oxidative
Stress</b>: Some antibiotics may induce oxidative stress, leading to damage to
cells and tissues, including in the brain. Oxidative stress has been implicated
in the pathogenesis of depression and other psychiatric disorders.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b>How to minimize risk?<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Minimizing the risk of psychiatric side effects
associated with antibiotic use involves several strategies:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Use
Antibiotics Wisely</b>: Antibiotics should only be prescribed when necessary
and appropriate. Overuse or misuse of antibiotics can increase the risk of
adverse effects and contribute to antibiotic resistance. Follow your healthcare
provider's instructions carefully regarding the duration and dosage of
antibiotics prescribed.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Discuss
Potential Side Effects</b>: Before starting antibiotic treatment, discuss with
your healthcare provider the potential side effects, including psychiatric
symptoms, associated with the medication. Being aware of these potential risks
can help you monitor for symptoms and seek prompt medical attention if needed.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Monitor
Symptoms</b>: Pay attention to any changes in mood, behavior, or mental
well-being while taking antibiotics. If you experience symptoms such as
depression, anxiety, agitation, or suicidal thoughts, notify your healthcare
provider immediately. Early recognition and intervention can help mitigate the
severity of these symptoms.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Consider
Alternative Antibiotics</b>: If you have a history of psychiatric illness or
are at higher risk of experiencing psychiatric side effects, discuss with your
healthcare provider the possibility of using alternative antibiotics with a
lower risk profile. Not all antibiotics carry the same risk of psychiatric side
effects, so your healthcare provider may be able to prescribe a medication that
is less likely to affect your mental health.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Support
Gut Health</b>: Taking steps to support a healthy gut microbiome may help
mitigate the risk of psychiatric side effects associated with antibiotic use.
This includes consuming a balanced diet rich in fiber and fermented foods,
avoiding unnecessary antibiotic use, and considering probiotic supplementation,
although the evidence for the effectiveness of probiotics in preventing
antibiotic-related psychiatric side effects is still limited. Still, any of the
pro biotic yoghurts should help your gut health, and potentially, positively
affect your mental health.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Seek
Mental Health Support</b>: If you have a history of depression or other mental
health conditions, or if you experience significant psychiatric symptoms while
taking antibiotics, seek support from a mental health professional. Therapy,
counseling, or medication management may be necessary to address underlying mental
health concerns.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Follow
Up with Healthcare Provider</b>: Attend follow-up appointments with your
healthcare provider as scheduled to monitor your progress and discuss any
concerns or side effects related to antibiotic treatment. Your healthcare
provider can provide guidance and adjustments to your treatment plan as needed.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">By following these strategies and maintaining open
communication with your healthcare provider, you can help minimize the risk of
psychiatric side effects associated with antibiotic use and ensure safe and
effective treatment of bacterial infections.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><o:p> </o:p></p>Michael Pekkerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00719697048984156330noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7117914696834537995.post-77191960150674265472024-01-28T22:20:00.000-08:002024-01-28T22:20:48.835-08:00Shintoism and Clinical Depression<p> </p><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji";">Understanding Shinto<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji";"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji";">Shinto is a religion of Japan and its
people. It is the largest religion in Japan, with nearly 80% of the population
practicing its traditions. With a little over 100 million followers, the vast
majority of whom live in Japan, Shintoism ranks as the world’s fifth largest
religion. Because Shinto allows for the worship of many gods and goddesses,
followers can embrace Shintoism and other religious traditions.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji";">Many define the Shinto religion as a
religion of ritual and tradition. The practices are carried out to connect
Japan’s present with its rich traditions of the ancient past. It is a religion
of shrines devoted to the worship of many different gods. It incorporates the
rituals involved in non-religious remembrance, including war memorials and
harvest festivals. Some see the religion as a worship of the ancestors, though
it is more the desire to honor those who have gone before and to preserve their
memory and traditions.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicHlJmnP1jn1Tt8Jw6g5__R6EqonH6UGofvYLFXffTpqeyr8vEwkCJcTPEpY0_gtKkLdXT_AWXGrCb-f_kZpjE7iMBlqu9s71TaRHoHABVqGgGa3O-e5KIQ9u8PqvDsb2mfc95zVdZqsJ5lJ8ZgCDQo37RE0j8u3-gPDkhiGvIWpE_llaSQLRd8S5K/s1024/pixta-Toyokawa-Inari-Shrine-Aichi-Sakura-Pixta-daysgoby_JPN-1024x640.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="640" data-original-width="1024" height="250" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicHlJmnP1jn1Tt8Jw6g5__R6EqonH6UGofvYLFXffTpqeyr8vEwkCJcTPEpY0_gtKkLdXT_AWXGrCb-f_kZpjE7iMBlqu9s71TaRHoHABVqGgGa3O-e5KIQ9u8PqvDsb2mfc95zVdZqsJ5lJ8ZgCDQo37RE0j8u3-gPDkhiGvIWpE_llaSQLRd8S5K/w400-h250/pixta-Toyokawa-Inari-Shrine-Aichi-Sakura-Pixta-daysgoby_JPN-1024x640.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji";">The Origins of Shinto<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji";"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji";">Shinto tradition has recorded history
back to the early 8th century, but archeological references and records date
back further. Oral traditions regarding beliefs and rituals appear to go back
several centuries before they began to be written down. Some of the traditions
and histories view the Japanese imperial family as the cornerstone of Japanese
culture. There are myths about creation and a structural system involving gods
and goddesses.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji";">Though there is no sacred scripture in
Shinto, the books of lore and history provide the stories and characters
involved in the formation of many Shinto beliefs. The four histories are the
Kojiki (Record of Ancient Matters), Shoku Nihongi (Chronicles of Japan), the
Rikkokushi (National Histories), and Jinno Shotoki (Shinto Politics).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji";">Beliefs & Sects<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji";"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji";">Shinto is unique in that a person does
not have to make a public profession of faith in order to be a member of the
religion. When a child is born in Japan, a local Shinto shrine adds the child’s
name to the membership list and declares the child as “family.” If the person
eventually moves, their name may be added to an additional shrine.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji";">Kami<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji";"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji";">One of the core beliefs of the Shinto
religion is the idea that everything possesses a spiritual essence or energy
called “kami.” Mountains, rivers, places, animals and people are said to have
kami inside. People share on many levels and in many ways with kami. Shinto
believes that certain objects or places have greater amounts of kami and make it
easier for people to connect with them at those locations. Natural locations,
like mountains and waterfalls, or man-made shrines are places where the kami
dwell.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji";">Death & Mourning<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji";"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji";">Shinto beliefs about death and the
afterlife are often considered dark and negative. The old traditions describe
death as a dark, underground realm with a river separating the living from the
dead. The images are very similar to Greek mythology and the concept of hades.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji";">The Buddhist influence on the
Shinto religion teaches that thinking and meditating about death is important.
Any death reminds the follower that life on earth is short. Death should challenge
the living to make life meaningful by words and actions.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji";">Mourning is seen as a natural reaction
to death. Intense expressions of grief may be displayed on a specified day. At
other times, grief should be shown in a controlled, almost stoic way that holds
the deceased in highest honor and respect.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji";">After Life<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji";">Shinto traditions lean heavily on the
concepts of the presence of kami and not reincarnation. The spiritual energy,
or kami, in everyone is released and recycled at the time of death. The spirits
live in another world, the most sacred of which is called “the other world of
heaven.” These other worlds are not seen as a paradise or a punishment. Instead
the worlds are simply where the spirits reside. They can connect and visit the
present world when people correctly perform rituals and festivals.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji";">Shinto believes that the ancestral
spirits will protect their descendants. The prayers and rituals performed by
the living honor the dead and memorialize them. In return, the spirits of the
dead offer protection and encouragement for the living.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji";">Shintoism also views that some
individuals live such an exemplary life that they become deified in a process
called apotheosis. Many in the imperial family have experienced this honor, as
have successful warriors.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji";">Grief & Mourning<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji";">The Shinto religion teaches that it is
natural to grieve the loss of family members and friends at the time of death.
Buddhist influence would stress that any death is a reminder of the brevity of
one’s own life. They would emphasize the need to have personal reflection and
rededication to the correct spiritual paths during a time of grief.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji";">Mourning is often seen as a regimented
response to death. It has proper rituals and expressions. It should be endured
in an almost stoic fashion. Mourning is a time of reflection on personal life,
on the loss of companionship and the adjustment to life without the deceased.
Mourning is a time to not only reflect on the life of the deceased, but to
remember all those ancestors who have contributed to Japanese culture and life.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji";">Periods of mourning vary in Shinto
by sect and location. Most customs will have family and friends visiting the
mausoleum or crematorium weekly, often bringing flowers and incense.
In addition, many families will create home shrines to serve as a memorial for
their departed loved one. One or more pictures will be hung above the shrine.
Often some of the ashes of the body are kept in the home shrine.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_G-x_Z_dqD5lrBZHnEttpE1MRfQXmxtOLl79TD9dRBSQbw3zFSAY7YZFYq-u6KJkE1ZKrSbOB-a6RgHF-dqclkG-OnDP1ZuFjALPgvldzicB-9W_30r5Je_EfWaYtZqpgh3B7q00FGEJ1kWTawnIQMKYuDletATUB5BFrdF1x-3TGt-poK7_DCAwT/s714/Screenshot%202024-01-28%20221729.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="474" data-original-width="714" height="265" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_G-x_Z_dqD5lrBZHnEttpE1MRfQXmxtOLl79TD9dRBSQbw3zFSAY7YZFYq-u6KJkE1ZKrSbOB-a6RgHF-dqclkG-OnDP1ZuFjALPgvldzicB-9W_30r5Je_EfWaYtZqpgh3B7q00FGEJ1kWTawnIQMKYuDletATUB5BFrdF1x-3TGt-poK7_DCAwT/w400-h265/Screenshot%202024-01-28%20221729.png" width="400" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji";">Depression<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji";">Talking about depression in Japanese has
always been a fundamentally different undertaking than talking about it in
English. In English, the word for depression is remarkably versatile. It can
describe dips in landscapes, economies or moods. It can refer to a devastating
psychiatric condition or some autumn blues. It can be subdivided almost
endlessly: major, minor, agitated, anxious, bipolar, unipolar, postpartum,
premenstrual. But in Japanese, the word for depression (utsubyo) traditionally
referred only to major or manic depressive disorders and was seldom heard
outside psychiatric circles. To talk about feelings, people relied on the word
ki or ''vital energy.'' A literal translation of Japanese synonyms for sorrow
reads, to Westerners, like the kind of emotional troubles that might befall a
kitchen sink: ki ga fusagu, sadness because your ki is blocked; ki ga omoi,
sadness because your ki is sluggish; ki ga meiru, sadness because your ki is
leaking.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji";">Not surprisingly, Shintoism does not have
a specific doctrine or set of teachings regarding mental health issues like
depression. Shinto is more focused on the veneration of kami (spirits or gods)
and the harmonious relationship between humans and the natural world.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji";">Shintoism takes a holistic approach to
well-being, recognizing the interconnectedness of the mind, body, and spirit.
It believes that nurturing a harmonious relationship with nature, honoring
ancestors, and practicing gratitude can contribute to overall mental health.
This perspective encourages individuals to seek balance and find meaning in
their daily lives, promoting a sense of purpose and contentment.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji";">Shintoism emphasizes the mind-body
connection and the influence each has on the other. It encourages individuals
to engage in activities that promote physical wellness, such as cleansing
rituals, meditation, and mindful practices. By actively nurturing both their
mental and physical health, individuals can strengthen their resilience and
find greater equilibrium amidst life's challenges.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji";">Suicide<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji";">The Shinto attitude towards suicide is
somewhat ambivalent. Shinto believes that humans return to nature after death,
suicide does not constitute an exception, and suicide as a sacrificial act is
condoned. On the other hand, believing that life is given by nature and
ancestors implies that suicide is wrong.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji";">Shinto Rituals and Practices for Depression<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji";">Shintoism places great importance on
purification rituals and cleansing practices as a means to restore spiritual
balance. Participation in activities such as ritualistic bathing, visiting
sacred waterfalls, or engaging in symbolic acts of cleansing can provide a
sense of renewal and aid in releasing negative emotions associated with
depression.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji";">Prayer and meditation play significant
roles in Shintoism, offering opportunities for introspection, inner peace, and
connection with the divine. Engaging in these practices can help individuals
find solace, regain clarity, and cultivate a sense of tranquility amidst the
turmoil often experienced during depressive episodes.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji";">Shinto shrines serve as sacred spaces
where individuals can seek solace, healing, and spiritual guidance. Paying
visits to shrines, making offerings, and performing rituals can provide a sense
of support and create a space for introspection and reflection. These practices
can help individuals find strength and resilience as they navigate their
journey towards overcoming depression.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji";">Shintoism places great importance on the
spiritual connection between humans and nature. Nature is seen as a source of
healing and renewal, with natural elements considered divine entities. This
belief underscores the role of nature in promoting mental well-being and
healing, including in the context of depression. One specific practice that
aligns with Shintoism's emphasis on nature is "forest bathing," or
shinrin-yoku. This practice involves immersing oneself in nature, particularly
in forests, to experience the therapeutic benefits of being in a natural
setting. Numerous studies have shown that forest bathing can reduce stress,
anxiety, and depression, and promote overall mental well-being. By
incorporating this practice into their lives, individuals following Shintoism
can harness the healing power of nature to cope with and alleviate symptoms of
depression.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji";">Self-reflection and Mindfulness<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji";">Self-reflection is an integral aspect of
Shintoism. This spiritual tradition encourages individuals to examine their
actions, thoughts, and emotions, fostering self-awareness and personal growth.
By engaging in self-reflection, individuals can become more attuned to their
mental states, identify the causes of their depression, and take steps towards
finding inner peace and balance.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji";">Mindfulness techniques, such as
meditation and deep breathing exercises, are commonly practiced in Shintoism to
cultivate mind and body awareness. These techniques can be invaluable in
managing depressive symptoms by redirecting attention to the present moment and
promoting a sense of calm. Incorporating mindfulness into daily life can help
individuals with depression develop a healthier relationship with their
thoughts and emotions and find moments of peace and clarity.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><i><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji";">Sources and Additional Information:<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><i><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji";"><a href="https://www.econdolence.com/learning-center/religion-and-culture/shinto/understanding-shinto">https://www.econdolence.com/learning-center/religion-and-culture/shinto/understanding-shinto</a><o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><i><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji";"><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2004/08/22/magazine/did-antidepressants-depress-japan.html">https://www.nytimes.com/2004/08/22/magazine/did-antidepressants-depress-japan.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></i></p>Michael Pekkerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00719697048984156330noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7117914696834537995.post-75367158885273024522023-10-20T00:21:00.002-07:002023-10-20T00:21:12.200-07:00Paganism views on depression<p> </p><p class="MsoNoSpacing">Paganism is not a single, centralized religion but rather
an umbrella term that encompasses a wide variety of nature-based, polytheistic,
and animistic belief systems and spiritual practices. Pagan traditions can be
found all around the world. They exist in different forms and under various
names in many countries and cultures. As such, views on depression and mental
health within Paganism can vary widely depending on individual beliefs,
traditions, and perspectives. Some common themes in how various Pagan
traditions may address depression include:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Holistic
Approach</b>: Many Pagan traditions embrace a holistic view of health, which
includes mental and emotional well-being. They may see depression as a
condition that affects the whole person, including their spiritual and
emotional aspects.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Nature
Connection</b>: Paganism often emphasizes a deep connection with nature. Some
Pagans find solace, healing, and support for mental health issues by connecting
with the natural world, engaging in outdoor rituals, and communing with the
elements.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Rituals
and Healing Practices</b>: Pagan traditions may incorporate rituals,
meditation, and energy work as tools for addressing depression. These practices
can be seen as therapeutic and may help individuals work through emotional and
mental challenges.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Community
Support</b>: Many Pagan communities value the support and companionship of
fellow practitioners. This sense of community can be a source of understanding
and comfort for individuals dealing with depression.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Personal
Responsibility</b>: Some Pagans emphasize personal responsibility for one's
mental and emotional health. They may encourage individuals to seek
professional help when needed and to engage in self-care practices.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Myth
and Symbolism</b>: Paganism often uses mythology and symbolism to explain human
experiences. Depression may be understood through the lens of myth and symbol,
and individuals might seek guidance or inspiration from relevant deities or
stories.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Acceptance
of Duality</b>: Paganism often embraces the duality of life, recognizing that
darkness and light are intertwined. Some practitioners view depression as a
natural part of the human experience and a challenge that can be overcome with
inner strength.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">It's essential to note that within the Pagan community,
there is no single dogma or central authority that dictates beliefs and
practices. As a result, there can be significant variations in how different
Pagans view and approach depression. Some may incorporate modern therapeutic
techniques into their practice, while others may prefer traditional or
spiritual approaches.<o:p></o:p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJ_x6YelwEOJMHWrzffLyV-MEACDK8vwx4uI6a9F3OKQNCL3N-lqdPSeJRzuDdEc5Wc6Rbkc55SUxytUpD61kro94H9pTpQn9v0_Y6Hexpg17zd7VLiIveCwHnMB2AG69EIlaGL2AOG_8pr2vusRpnL3_joDZ8dLAjGO5XqszpBUpO0-vQB12t389j/s750/GettyImages-Pagans.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="400" data-original-width="750" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJ_x6YelwEOJMHWrzffLyV-MEACDK8vwx4uI6a9F3OKQNCL3N-lqdPSeJRzuDdEc5Wc6Rbkc55SUxytUpD61kro94H9pTpQn9v0_Y6Hexpg17zd7VLiIveCwHnMB2AG69EIlaGL2AOG_8pr2vusRpnL3_joDZ8dLAjGO5XqszpBUpO0-vQB12t389j/w400-h214/GettyImages-Pagans.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><br /></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b>9 Ways to Manage Depression</b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Candles and Altar<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Depression is a suffocating and miserable experience, and
periods of depression can be both debilitating and life-altering. Symptoms not
only include suppressed emotions and reduced energy, but also brain fog and
body aches. Struggling to think or act can impact life plans, from education to
family to career, and behavioral changes can result in loss of motivation, as
well as struggles with addiction and other health problems. The percentage of
people who experience depression is on the rise, but incredible progress is
being made when it comes to treating this complex condition. Pagans can do well
to supplement both traditional and emerging treatments, such as medication and
therapy, by addressing the spiritual harm that results from periods of
depression. This is a condition that impacts the body, mind, and spirit, and
treating it on all three of those levels has the potential to multiply the
effects of just therapy or medication alone. Here are nine ideas for how to
proceed.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Pray. According to Courtney Weber, "You
should go to your altar every day, but if you're in a bad place, go three times
a day." Pagans may uncomfortable with prayer; the late Judy Harrow said
it, "feels like begging." It doesn't have to be that way. If your
entire relationship with a human is you asking for favors and gifts, then
talking might feel like begging after a while, too. Try simply telling the gods
about your day. Perhaps if you're also in the habit of leaving offerings, you
might catch them in the mood to intervene. Spending time with your gods should
bring comfort in any case.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Meditate. To focus attention on something like a
candle flame, or to cease thinking altogether, is a way to quiet the conscious
mind. This allows deeper parts of the self some space to heal, a respite from
the barrage of recriminating thoughts common during depression. This is
sometimes considered a form of shifting consciousness, but at its best this is
an altered state that puts consciousness in the back seat and allows other
parts of the mind to drive instead. It can be surprisingly difficult to
meditate at first, particularly if the mind is filled with runaway thoughts,
but it's not impossible. Even starting with just one minute at a time
establishes the habit, but try to extend that by a minute as often as you can.
A solid goal is to have sessions that last at least twenty minutes each, but
take as long as you need to in order to reach that point.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Connect. Seek out a person and have a
conversation. Silence is also fine, as it speaks volumes. There is healing that
comes simply from being in the company of others of our own kind. We evolved
from tribal primates, and our spirits respond to one another. We can feel like
we're completely alien during a period of depression, that we are shunned and
ostracized, or forgotten or mocked. Those introduced thoughts make avoiding the
healing presence of other humans feel justified. It's important to exercise
discernment—people who have harmed you in the past may harm you in the
future—but companionship is a necessary part of the human experience.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Remember. We are open to depression in part
because of the trauma experienced by our ancestors, and inadvertently passed
down to us as our habits, beliefs, and capacity to manage stress. Our ancestors
also have an interest in our own success, and understand us in ways that no one
else ever could. Call upon the ancestors for resilience when all seems bleak
and hopeless.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Laugh. Life is funny—all parts of life. Some of
the best comedy comes out of suffering, because the spark of humor is all the
brighter when it flares in darkness. Laughter shakes our body, mind, and
spirit, and allows for a reset of all three. Think of a time when something
funny kicked off uncontrollable laughter. Recall how you felt when you have
basked in the afterglow of laughing deeply and fully. Laughter is a gift of the
creator gods, a way to recenter into our truest selves. Give yourself
permission to receive this blessing with all of your being when that is
possible, but use discernment! There are times when it's best to restrain that
guffaw welling up. There will be times when it feels wiser to quash even a
chortle, but always silently honor the feeling, and thank whoever you hold holy
for this incredible gift.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Move. Our bodies are parts of our full, sacred
selves. In depression it's easy to heed the call to physically slow down, to
become one with the bed or a device like a phone or television. The body's
stillness is often reflected by a fixation on negative thoughts. Social worker
Barbara Rachel taught me a saying used in Alcoholics Anonymous: "Move a
muscle, change a thought." Start simple if you must: leave the remote
control on the television stand, or your phone on the other side of the room.
Work up to walking around your building or neighborhood, spending time
gardening outside or tidying up inside, or taking up an active hobby like
bicycling, mall-walking, or hog-calling.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Ground. A state of depression can include the
sensation of heaviness in the body, but this is not the same as being grounded.
More likely, that's negative emotions sucking up the energy needed to move the
limbs about. Grounding is to allow that emotional charge to pass into the
earth. Sometimes it is easier to ground with the help of another person, such
as a tree, a stone, or a human. Pay attention to how it feels when another
person is helping to ground you, as you can tap into that sensation when
grounding yourself.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Purify. Acts of purification are intended to
clear out spiritual clutter that accumulates around us all, the result of
living a mortal human life. The first step in purifying a space is to clean it,
and the first space that should be cleaned is one's body. In periods of
depression, even basic hygiene can seem like too much effort, but a good
scrubbing from head to toe will at least temporarily elevate mood and restore
energy. Tackling a cluttered or untidy home space may require help, depending
on how bad it's become, but it's worth it: the home is a reflection of the
heart and mind, and improving the outer environment impacts the inner in turn.
The spirit of depression finds no value in a clean and ordered home, a mind
free of clutter, or a path to the gods unfettered by pessimistic thoughts or
stacks of boxes in front of the altar.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">9.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Commune. Spend time with people who are not
human. Walk among trees, spend time with pets, care for houseplants, feed local
birds, work in a garden. Feel sand between toes, sunshine on the face, or dirt
under fingernails. Attune to the spirits of place, be they of the land or the
home built upon it. Walking is an opportunity to pay attention to local
spirits, whether or not they are incarnate. There are even forms of walking
divination that one might try while on a mini-walkabout; I recall that author
Tom Cowan taught me a Celtic walking divination once upon a time.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Depression is a condition that impacts the body, mind,
and spirit of anyone experiencing it, and treating the body, mind, and spirit
in concert is going to yield the better results than avoiding one or another
aspect. The voice of depression encourages us to avoid behaviors that are going
to be the most effective in that treatment, too. The above list is about
intended to aid the spirit, and to a lesser extent the body. None of these
suggestions is a substitute for getting treatment from a mental health
professional, someone trained in the healing of the mind. Asking our gods or
other spirits for help when we are in crisis is a good idea, but most of the
time our gods are going to help us through a mental health professional. The
gods work with the tools that work best.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><i>Sources and Additional Information:<o:p></o:p></i></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><i><a href="https://www.llewellyn.com/journal/article/2978">https://www.llewellyn.com/journal/article/2978</a><o:p></o:p></i></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><i><a href="https://wildhunt.org/2015/01/treating-depression-in-a-pagan-context.html">https://wildhunt.org/2015/01/treating-depression-in-a-pagan-context.html</a><o:p></o:p></i></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><i><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2021/dec/26/healing-myself-the-pagan-way-how-witchcraft-cast-a-spell-on-me">https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2021/dec/26/healing-myself-the-pagan-way-how-witchcraft-cast-a-spell-on-me</a><o:p></o:p></i></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><o:p> </o:p></p>Michael Pekkerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00719697048984156330noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7117914696834537995.post-76264876600075572312023-09-27T22:43:00.001-07:002023-09-27T22:43:17.905-07:00How Depression was Treated during Renaissance?<p> </p><p class="MsoNoSpacing">The Renaissance (1350s–1650s) was a period in the late
Middle Ages which saw a rebirth of culture, arts, science and learning. The
Renaissance included artists such as Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo and
scientists such as Galileo and Copernicus.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b>Overview<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">The most noteworthy development in the realm of
philosophy during the Renaissance was the rise of <b>humanism</b>, or the
worldview that emphasizes human welfare and the uniqueness of the individual.
This helped continue the decline of supernatural views of mental illness. In
the mid to late 1500s, Johann Weyer (1515-1588), a German physician, published
his book, <i>On the Deceits of the Demons, </i>that rebutted the
Church’s witch-hunting handbook, the <i>Malleus Maleficarum</i>, and
argued that many accused of being witches and subsequently imprisoned,
tortured, hung, and/or burned at the stake, were mentally disturbed and not
possessed by demons or the Devil himself. He believed that like the body, the
mind was susceptible to illness. Not surprisingly, the book was met with
vehement protest and even banned from the church. It should be noted that these
types of acts occurred not only in Europe but also in the United States. The
most famous example was the Salem Witch Trials of 1692 in which more than 200
people were accused of practicing witchcraft and 20 were killed.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Richard Napier was a clergyman, medical practitioner and
astrologer who treated thousands of patients worried about their mental health
between 1597 and 1634. Servants, beggars, butchers, university dons, lawyers
and nobility flocked to his practice in the hamlet of Great Linford in
Buckinghamshire.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Their symptoms included suicidal thoughts and self-harm,
refusal to pray, inability to feel pious, sexual urges, visions, weeping, 'too
much talk' and 'hatred of spouse'. Using religious, psychological, astrological
and traditional healing remedies, Napier treated them all using a wide range of
treatments.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Responses to mental illness at this time included
everything from listening and humane intervention to incarceration in a
building or ill treatment.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Writer Arthur Ashley Sykes in 1737 published ‘An enquiry
into the meaning of demonjacks in the New Testament’, which rejected any belief
in the existence of demons. He and others, including Richard Mead physician to
King George II, understood that those afflicted by demons referred simply to
those suffering from a variety of illnesses including mental illness. Mead
started prescribing treatments commonly used for physical illness such as
bloodletting, emetics, purgatives, drugs, diet and exercise, to individuals
suffering with mental illness.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">The number of <b>asylums</b>, or places of refuge
for the mentally ill where they could receive care, began to rise during the
16th century as the government realized there were far too many people
afflicted with mental illness to be left in private homes. Hospitals and
monasteries were converted into asylums. Though the intent was benign in the
beginning, as they began to overflow patients came to be treated more like
animals than people.<o:p></o:p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwK1-EKEKmWnxISaItnGfMqffjjkPcwEhrflfajIuG_AUlMX2ucyJKiKwrxKo2itlprqnNoaycUDPUkQ5jm_j8EwlebbxYRv7CXfD2-3iuj5BO1TyUQHAul2tKPAWahfXAKCBbls7HDyQyq8gILxE37CfHuOHFHgIWcJewGA6M-tluEcrWNc5BFXtI/s980/EBR2T0web_ready-fc72631.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="654" data-original-width="980" height="268" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwK1-EKEKmWnxISaItnGfMqffjjkPcwEhrflfajIuG_AUlMX2ucyJKiKwrxKo2itlprqnNoaycUDPUkQ5jm_j8EwlebbxYRv7CXfD2-3iuj5BO1TyUQHAul2tKPAWahfXAKCBbls7HDyQyq8gILxE37CfHuOHFHgIWcJewGA6M-tluEcrWNc5BFXtI/w400-h268/EBR2T0web_ready-fc72631.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><br /></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b>The Bethlem Asylum<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">When Henry VIII dissolved the religious orders, he seized
the Bethlem Hospital in London, England's only asylum for the mentally ill.
However, shortly before he died in 1547 he transferred its control to the
Corporation of London. It then became a civic rather than a religious
institution.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">But the City aldermen struggled to keep it running and in
1574, they handed its management to the Bridewell, a hospital for the 'idle
poor'. The Bethlem at this time could only hold a maximum of 40 people and was
often only half full.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">The new governors had a strict admission policy, taking
in only those who were 'raving and furious and capable of cure, or if not yet
are likely to do mischief to themselves or others'.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">In 1619, Helkiah Crooke became the Bethlem's first medically
qualified 'keeper'. He was a controversial character who had accused the
previous keeper of irregularities and who was constantly at odds with the Royal
College of Physicians.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Unfortunately, his medical qualification was all that
distinguished him from previous keepers. In 1632, a Royal Commission found that
he had been falsifying accounts and stealing donations while depriving his
patients of food and basic comforts.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Crook was dismissed in 1633, but his influence was
long-lasting. His appointment reflected changing attitudes to treating the
mentally ill. It was no longer felt to be a matter for lay people using
traditional methods - from now on, the hospital would always be run by a
medical officer with a team of medical staff.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">It was only the handful of people living in the Bethlem
who received any sort of institutional care in the 16th and early 17th
centuries. In a population of five million, this meant that large numbers of
mentally ill people lived in their communities, usually cared for by their
family. Some were on the streets - mentally ill beggars were nicknamed 'Tom
o'Bedlams'.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">In the eyes of the law, mentally ill people lacked the
capacity to reason, so a Court of Wards would hand the responsibility for their
affairs to someone else. King James I (1603-1625) instructed the court that
'lunatics be freely committed to their best and nearest friends, that can
receive no benefit by their death.' The care of the mentally ill was
essentially a domestic matter and on the whole, it seems that people were not
exploited by the system.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b>Bristol Lunatic Asylum<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Bristol Lunatic Asylum was, by today's standards, cruel
and inhumane. They used not only electroshock therapy but also padded cells.
However, the asylum was actually considered progressive, because it was clean
and new and it banned straitjackets.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b>Treatment Options<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Mental illness could be seen as both a natural and a
supernatural event - a sickness or something caused by devils or astronomical
events. People had no difficulty accepting both these explanations at the same
time.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Most could not afford to pay a physician or surgeon, but
Tudor England had a vibrant medical marketplace from which illness, including
mental illness, could be treated. There was an array of other practitioners -
bone setters, 'wise women', 'cunning men', herbalists, astrologers - who
offered treatments.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">But most mental illnesses at the time were looked at in
fear. The public was convinced that the only cure for the people suffering with
the illnesses was through strange rituals.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">For a mentally ill person from a rich family, there were
more humane options to be had. A physician could be hired to come in daily and
handle the person, or (if the family got too tired of having to deal with them)
they could send them off to a private caretaking home.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">There weren't many options for a mentally ill person from
a poor family. They could either go to Bedlam or Bristol, and if they chose not
to go to either of those asylums, then they ended up on the streets until they
were either thrown in jail or adopted by the community.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">The Rush Chair was used to limit motion and reduce
sensory stimulation. To do so, they would cover the head.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">The Crib was an invention used to strap a mentally insane
person into a crib, not allowing movement of any kind.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b>By the 1800s, the mentally ill had started to be seen
as ‘curable sufferers’. Psychiatry began to be thought of as a medical
field. </b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">While scientific understanding of what physicians called
‘lunacy’ had increased little since 1600, there was a better understanding of
how to support those who suffered. The sciences and religion were increasingly
seen as separate and distinct. Charles Darwin’s theory that humans had evolved
over time supported the subtle shift in attitudes; releasing people’s lot in
life from the will of God.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">This did not mean Victorians were not religious, but some
used their faith to explore moral and social responsibility. French physician
and writer Phillipe Pinel had pioneered ‘moral therapy’ – an approach which recognized
the emotions and awareness of patients and placed an importance on social
interactions.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">The new route to provide sanctuary, moral therapy, and a
daily regime was introduced in asylums across Europe. In England, Parliament
set about dictating reform through a series of acts. The Country Asylums Act of
1808, encouraged Justices of the Peace in every county to build an asylum to
look after the mentally ill paupers. When this did not have the desired results,
further acts followed including one in 1845 which made it mandatory for every
county to have a safe place for their mentally ill.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b>Herbal Remedies<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Herbal medicine was commonly used during the Renaissance
to treat various ailments, including depression. Certain herbs and plants were
believed to have mood-altering properties, and these were sometimes
administered to alleviate symptoms. Here are some herbal remedies that were
used during the Renaissance to treat depressive symptoms:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>St.
John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum):</b> St. John's Wort has a long history of
use for treating mood disorders, including depression. It was used during the
Renaissance and later periods to alleviate symptoms of sadness and melancholy.
Its potential mood-enhancing properties made it a popular herbal remedy.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Lavender
(Lavandula spp.):</b> Lavender has been used for its calming and soothing
effects on the nervous system. During the Renaissance, lavender may have been
used in various forms, such as in herbal teas or sachets, to promote relaxation
and reduce feelings of anxiety or melancholy.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Chamomile
(Matricaria chamomilla):</b> Chamomile was utilized for its calming properties
and as a mild sedative. It was often brewed into teas to help alleviate stress
and promote better sleep, which could indirectly benefit those experiencing
depressive symptoms.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Valerian
(Valeriana officinalis):</b> Valerian was known for its sedative effects and
was used to treat conditions related to anxiety and sleep disturbances. It may
have been employed to help individuals with depression who also experienced
insomnia or restlessness.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Lemon
Balm (Melissa officinalis):</b> Lemon balm was used to improve mood and reduce
anxiety. It was often consumed as a tea or used in herbal preparations to
provide a sense of calm and emotional relief.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Rosemary
(Rosmarinus officinalis):</b> Rosemary was believed to have stimulating and
mood-enhancing properties. It was sometimes used in herbal remedies to combat
feelings of fatigue and melancholy.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Mugwort
(Artemisia vulgaris):</b> Mugwort was considered a remedy for nervous disorders
during the Renaissance. It was thought to have mild sedative effects and may
have been used to alleviate anxiety and depressive symptoms.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Ginkgo
Biloba (Ginkgo biloba):</b> Although ginkgo biloba is native to China, its
seeds were introduced to Europe during the Renaissance. It was occasionally
used in herbal remedies for its potential cognitive-enhancing effects and its
ability to improve mood.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b>Beginning of Psychotherapy<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Although psychological theories were in their infancy
during the Renaissance, some early forms of psychotherapy were emerging.
Humanist philosophers like Marsilio Ficino and Giovanni Pico della Mirandola
emphasized the importance of self-reflection and introspection as a means to
achieve emotional balance and personal growth. These ideas laid the groundwork
for later developments in psychology.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Marsilio Ficino (1433-1499) was an Italian philosopher,
scholar, and humanist who lived during the Renaissance period. He is best known
for his work on reviving the philosophy of Plato and for his contributions to
the development of humanism. While Ficino's writings focused more on
philosophy, religion, and the human soul rather than clinical approaches to
mental health, some of his ideas and writings may have been indirectly relevant
to the understanding of depression during his time.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Ficino's key ideas that could be related to depression
include:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Soul and Spirituality: Ficino believed in the
soul's significance and its connection to divine and cosmic forces. He promoted
the idea that the soul could be elevated and purified through contemplation,
philosophy, and spiritual practices. While not specific to depression, his
emphasis on the soul's well-being and its relationship with the divine could
resonate with individuals seeking spiritual or philosophical solace during
periods of emotional distress.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Neoplatonism: Ficino was a proponent of
Neoplatonism, a philosophical system that emphasized the ascent of the soul
towards higher levels of reality and the unity of all existence. His teachings
could offer a perspective on the pursuit of higher truths and wisdom as a means
to alleviate existential or emotional suffering.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Self-Reflection and Contemplation: Renaissance
humanism, which Ficino embraced, encouraged self-reflection and the pursuit of
knowledge. Some individuals may have turned to self-examination and introspection
as a way to cope with emotional difficulties, including symptoms of depression.<o:p></o:p></p>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_Se4Auko21JLovOuREAkm87vfX1oN7OW3VngZn8DL7WAYLyIRkal4mo3lu6O2nTtvEDH4fyK0z09ikWvKA32XDE69zRKExy0i_dgELdc7c4lF5Wv_JctCujfObvHxnJqCsjiyHjPtVInf-6_mNI7pOyXXNFsvbIMVr0mt9iynyOcoj50hHsNpaqmm/s712/Screenshot%202023-09-27%20223810.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="530" data-original-width="712" height="297" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_Se4Auko21JLovOuREAkm87vfX1oN7OW3VngZn8DL7WAYLyIRkal4mo3lu6O2nTtvEDH4fyK0z09ikWvKA32XDE69zRKExy0i_dgELdc7c4lF5Wv_JctCujfObvHxnJqCsjiyHjPtVInf-6_mNI7pOyXXNFsvbIMVr0mt9iynyOcoj50hHsNpaqmm/w400-h297/Screenshot%202023-09-27%20223810.png" width="400" /></a></div><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><br /></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing">Giovanni Pico della Mirandola (1463-1494) was an Italian
Renaissance humanist philosopher known for his wide-ranging and innovative
ideas. While his writings did not specifically address the treatment of
depression, his philosophical and humanistic perspectives could offer insights
and inspiration for individuals dealing with depression or seeking
philosophical and existential meaning in life.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Some aspects of Pico's philosophy that may be relevant in
the context of depression include:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Human Dignity: Pico's "Oration on the
Dignity of Man" (also known as the "Manifesto of the
Renaissance") emphasized the idea that humans have inherent dignity and
limitless potential. He believed that humans could shape their own destinies
and become masters of their own lives. This message of human potential and the
pursuit of personal excellence can be empowering for individuals struggling
with depression.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Free Will and Self-Improvement: Pico's belief in
the power of human free will and choice is central to his philosophy. He argued
that individuals have the freedom to choose their own paths and determine their
own moral and intellectual development. This notion of personal agency and the
ability to work on oneself through self-improvement can be relevant to those
seeking to overcome depressive thoughts and behaviors.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Philosophical and Spiritual Quest: Pico was
deeply interested in the synthesis of various philosophical and religious
traditions. He believed in the possibility of reconciling seemingly conflicting
ideas and finding greater meaning through philosophical and spiritual
exploration. For individuals grappling with existential questions or seeking a
sense of purpose, Pico's ideas about the pursuit of wisdom and knowledge may
resonate.</p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">While Pico's writings and philosophy do not provide a
direct treatment for depression, his emphasis on human potential, free will,
and the quest for knowledge and meaning can serve as sources of inspiration and
motivation for those dealing with depressive symptoms. It's important to note
that depression is a complex mental health condition, and individuals
experiencing it may benefit from a combination of evidence-based treatments,
including psychotherapy and, in some cases, medication.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><o:p> </o:p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0yhtwQfS8UQglajzNkRigJIkbpZOKbuEqGjcLTDFDUhXCF-WYzW-_EN2btcpUiiF_yNxWZny1bT3MorUnq40mkMB5wzDBJLqiFKO9rRFyGSRBGPEhGW8lMCOIeM24wSLOjsYcRW46ywwNKVYcrQBE0R7wOqnWc7AN0eTfrEIj6a9_2Mwl0gVSvdZU/s768/Screenshot%202023-09-27%20223936.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="426" data-original-width="768" height="223" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0yhtwQfS8UQglajzNkRigJIkbpZOKbuEqGjcLTDFDUhXCF-WYzW-_EN2btcpUiiF_yNxWZny1bT3MorUnq40mkMB5wzDBJLqiFKO9rRFyGSRBGPEhGW8lMCOIeM24wSLOjsYcRW46ywwNKVYcrQBE0R7wOqnWc7AN0eTfrEIj6a9_2Mwl0gVSvdZU/w400-h223/Screenshot%202023-09-27%20223936.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><i>Sources and Additional Information:<o:p></o:p></i></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><i><a href="https://historicengland.org.uk/research/inclusive-heritage/disability-history/1485-1660/mental-illness-in-the-16th-and-17th-centuries/">https://historicengland.org.uk/research/inclusive-heritage/disability-history/1485-1660/mental-illness-in-the-16th-and-17th-centuries/</a><o:p></o:p></i></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><i><a href="https://prezi.com/driablrk-7-j/mental-illness-and-the-renaissance/">https://prezi.com/driablrk-7-j/mental-illness-and-the-renaissance/</a><o:p></o:p></i></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><i><a href="https://www.glensidemuseum.org.uk/bristol-lunatic-asylum/">https://www.glensidemuseum.org.uk/bristol-lunatic-asylum/</a><o:p></o:p></i></p>Michael Pekkerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00719697048984156330noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7117914696834537995.post-65979683299082984042023-09-06T22:46:00.004-07:002023-09-06T22:46:55.934-07:00How Depression was Treated in Medieval Times?<p> </p><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b>Europe<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">The Middle Ages carried on the classical idea of
depression being rooted in one’s disfavor with the gods, but this time the gods
were those of Christianity, rather than the Greek pantheon. For clerics in
Medieval Europe, melancholy was a sign that one was living sinfully and in need
of repentance. In fact, severe melancholy was sometimes seen as a sign of
demonic possession. John Cassian, a monk known for his mystical writings,
called melancholy the “noonday demon,” in reference to Psalm 91. He recommended
that melancholics withdraw from family and friends and perform hard manual
labor in solitude as punishment for their sins.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><o:p> </o:p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzhRUfBA6BZatiKk0OwT6MX3Kwzf_H4Tnb7idkG_foQofn4gPoCD6wj5QVd5BkLMoGNUtWREZtPdTzSq6xnQGOWBaP2hlB2V0nt5XIsX1MzdLCqWQ9PTmAshu9Bt-xpAX0AVS4D-BpdF4m_AGB6SkCyQ4N0_AJNf7enRWjNpjyrgi-LT5odQRWk8Ez/s550/1111.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="539" data-original-width="550" height="393" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzhRUfBA6BZatiKk0OwT6MX3Kwzf_H4Tnb7idkG_foQofn4gPoCD6wj5QVd5BkLMoGNUtWREZtPdTzSq6xnQGOWBaP2hlB2V0nt5XIsX1MzdLCqWQ9PTmAshu9Bt-xpAX0AVS4D-BpdF4m_AGB6SkCyQ4N0_AJNf7enRWjNpjyrgi-LT5odQRWk8Ez/w400-h393/1111.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Not only was melancholy seen as a sign of sinfulness,
being in a depressed state was considered sinful in and of itself; the Latin
word for the deadly sin of sloth, <i>acedia, </i>was broadly defined
and included everything from laziness to melancholy. In fact, many of the
clerics who wrote about individuals beset with <i>acedia</i> described
them as being in the throws of depression. For example, Cassian describes a
fellow “slothful” monk this way:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">“He looks about anxiously this way and that, and sighs
that none of the brethren come to see him, and often goes in and out of his
cell, and frequently gazes up at the sun, as if it was too slow in setting, and
so a kind of unreasonable confusion of mind takes possession of him like some
foul darkness.”<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">The Canterbury Tales, written in the 14th century,
similarly describes the slothful person as one who is filled with despair, loss
of hope, and “outrageous sorrow.” This excessive low mood is followed by sluggishness
and general apathy towards life, which in turn prevents the slothful person
from performing good works. If not repented of, sloth becomes a sin against the
Holy Ghost. Andrew Solomon, author of The Noonday Demon, suggests that this
connection between melancholy and the sin of sloth may have given rise to much
of the stigma that surrounds depression today.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><o:p> </o:p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2IZBST-MpwL7XskJ2s4BXGj5HrG7MhPBYBzu5c9TS7BRxDrJUWQIhkmsreAwBVIea0M53Mnblp-b1ZXImd42xPv6hTKsGrgqn0M5YiYZaMr_rkLgYZBlxXxIZHXH_mKlZbgtcsEug-ahA6NLFXF9vLTgYuMIBgSXzPnGUeEQtJxqKaKpIyzC86x9k/s1000/2222222222.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1000" data-original-width="739" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2IZBST-MpwL7XskJ2s4BXGj5HrG7MhPBYBzu5c9TS7BRxDrJUWQIhkmsreAwBVIea0M53Mnblp-b1ZXImd42xPv6hTKsGrgqn0M5YiYZaMr_rkLgYZBlxXxIZHXH_mKlZbgtcsEug-ahA6NLFXF9vLTgYuMIBgSXzPnGUeEQtJxqKaKpIyzC86x9k/w295-h400/2222222222.jpg" width="295" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><br /></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">From the 4th century, the Christian hermit movement will
highlight the dangers of melancholy. The anchorites are Christians who decide
to live in solitude and for that they retire to the desert to break with a
society they consider in perdition. In this isolation, one of the dangers that
threatens them is acedia. The acedia is, initially, a discomfort linked to the
excess of deprivation which seizes the monks. This term means
"negligence", "grief", "indifference". By seizing
this symptom, which among the desert monks is rather psychic discomfort than
"evil", Christians turn it into emissions of evil and evil thoughts.
It becomes the most formidable temptations in connection with the demon and the
moral fault. Acedia becomes a divine punishment. It will haunt the monasteries
of the West but also the secular society until the end of the Middle Ages.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Intriguingly, the origins of this particular and peculiar
term are actually quite clear: the writings of Evagrius Ponticus, a 4th century
monk living as "part of a cluster of hermit colonies [...] some forty to
sixty miles south of Alexandria. He described it as a demon, which leads the
monk to "hatred against this place, against life itself, and against the
work of his hands, and makes him think he has lost the love among his brethren
and there is none to comfort him." This is pre-medieval, but as above, it
forms the foundation for acedia, and will change little through later
centuries. Note before we move on that acedia is <i>not</i> the same
as depression (or even melancholia) and that it is <i>not</i> the
same as sloth. "Lassitude, weariness, inaction, carelessness, and neglect
were all aspects of acedia," but it would be an inaccurate depiction to
merely leave it there.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Evagrius' description would be conveyed into the Medieval
era by John Cassian's *Twelve Books on the Institutes of the Coenobia
[=monastaries] and the Remedies for the Eight Principal Faults." One of
these faults was the spirit of accidie, to which Cassian devotes book 10. When
it "has taken possession of some unhappy soul," he writes, "it
[...] makes the man lazy and sluggish [...] he complains that he is cut off
from spiritual gain, and is of no use in the place." When and if it overcame
a monk, "it either [made] him stay in his cell idle and lazy, without
making any spiritual progress, or it [drove] him out from thence and [made] him
restless and a wanderer, and indolent in the matter of all kinds of work".<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Over the course of the Medieval era, acedia evolved. Some
lists of the chief vices omitted it entirely; Gregory the Great subsumed it
under dejection (he also lowered the number of sins to seven.) As the 11th
century bled into the 12th, acedia underwent "a shift in emphasis from
mode of behavior to state of mind." At this point, acedia was still
largely restricted to men of God, but after the fourth Lateran council (of
1215) mandated mass religious education, acedia became more and more a part of
public consciousness.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">While acedia was a sin, it was still something that could
be treated, by penance or confession. There was (and is?) a long history of
priests as healers of the soul, and this medicalization of sin certainly
existed in these case of acedia. It was also following the Lateran reforms that
acedia began its transformation into sloth: while it had previously been
emphasized as a state of mind, "the common man's image of acedia came to
center around spiritual idleness or neglect in the performance of spiritual
duties."<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Treatments for mental disorder were quite diverse. Some
were theoretically based: bloodletting, baths, head surgery, or a diet change
to rid oneself of noxious humors: sexual diversion to aid the lovesick:
exorcism and Holy Communion to aid the possessed. Others were not: music,
pleasant scenes, prayer, and religious relics were thought to be beneficial
regardless of the diagnosis (which was often tentatively held in any case).
Records of the illnesses of the painter Hugo van der Goes (c. 1435-.1482 CE)
and the French King Charles VI (1368-1422 CE) portray well-meaning onlookers
suggesting a variety of diagnoses and remedies, none of them very successful.
An instance of the solicitude shown Charles during his periods of illness was
his court’s procurement of a mistress, Odette de Champ-divers, when the king
refused to recognize his wife.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b>Persia<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">A Persian doctor named Rhazes (865–925 CE), however, did
see mental illness as arising from the brain. He recommended such treatments as
baths and a very early form of behavior therapy which involved
positive rewards for appropriate behavior.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><o:p> </o:p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZKDV7oelIX80g5qZQ_YKNUfNCbkI973iZbm6Ljd4aiuMIMO3U8KBlmAZ5yPBK307RLSIDmoipKgxzm3sG0kY9ARs9xH2HKGbKUSN-CxDocTKrZHt20TMi9obPfYIeO3AbbBtY4EInYGnp6j5ol74ltz3UIQsY1So3nhDRgu7RXdoiWmv-c8kxSJet/s1000/33333333333.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="574" data-original-width="1000" height="230" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZKDV7oelIX80g5qZQ_YKNUfNCbkI973iZbm6Ljd4aiuMIMO3U8KBlmAZ5yPBK307RLSIDmoipKgxzm3sG0kY9ARs9xH2HKGbKUSN-CxDocTKrZHt20TMi9obPfYIeO3AbbBtY4EInYGnp6j5ol74ltz3UIQsY1So3nhDRgu7RXdoiWmv-c8kxSJet/w400-h230/33333333333.jpeg" width="400" /></a></div><p></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><br /></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Rhazes, whose full name was Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn
Zakariya al-Razi (865–925 AD), was a Persian physician, chemist, and
philosopher who made significant contributions to the fields of medicine and
alchemy during the Islamic Golden Age. While Rhazes did not specifically
address depression as a distinct disorder, his works contained valuable insights
into the treatment of various mental and emotional conditions, which could be
related to what we now understand as depression. Here are some of his views on
treatment:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Holistic
Approach:</b> Rhazes advocated for a holistic approach to medicine, emphasizing
the importance of considering the physical, psychological, and social aspects
of a patient's well-being. He believed that illness could result from
imbalances in these areas.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Diet
and Lifestyle:</b> Rhazes recognized the role of diet and lifestyle in
maintaining health and preventing illness. He advised patients to adopt a
balanced diet, engage in regular physical activity, and maintain a harmonious
daily routine. These recommendations aimed at promoting overall well-being,
which could indirectly benefit mental health.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Humoral
Theory:</b> Like many scholars of his time, Rhazes adhered to the humoral
theory, which posited that imbalances in bodily humors (blood, phlegm, black
bile, and yellow bile) could lead to illness. While this theory is outdated by
modern standards, it influenced his approach to treatment, including treatments
for conditions that might today be categorized as depressive.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Therapeutic
Regimens:</b> Rhazes recommended therapeutic regimens that included various
interventions, such as dietary adjustments, herbal remedies, and physical
activities. He believed that restoring the balance of bodily humors could help
alleviate physical and mental symptoms.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Psychological
Care:</b> Rhazes recognized the importance of a patient's mental and emotional
state in the healing process. He encouraged providing emotional support and
reassurance to patients as part of their treatment.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Avoidance
of Excessive Stress:</b> Rhazes acknowledged that chronic stress and overwhelming
life circumstances could negatively impact a person's health. He recommended
avoiding excessive stressors and adopting relaxation techniques, which could
indirectly benefit mental well-being.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Use
of Herbal Remedies:</b> Rhazes was known for his contributions to pharmacology
and the use of herbal remedies. While his focus was primarily on physical
ailments, some of the herbs and natural substances he recommended might have
had mood-altering effects that could be beneficial for individuals experiencing
emotional distress.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><i>Sources and Additional Information:<o:p></o:p></i></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><i><a href="https://www.artofmanliness.com/health-fitness/health/the-history-of-depression/">https://www.artofmanliness.com/health-fitness/health/the-history-of-depression/</a><o:p></o:p></i></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><i><a href="https://www.verywellmind.com/who-discovered-depression-1066770">https://www.verywellmind.com/who-discovered-depression-1066770</a><o:p></o:p></i></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><i><a href="https://www.peertechzpublications.com/articles/ADA-6-145.php">https://www.peertechzpublications.com/articles/ADA-6-145.php</a><o:p></o:p></i></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><i><a href="https://psychology.iresearchnet.com/history-of-psychology/middle-ages/mental-illness-in-the-middle-ages/">https://psychology.iresearchnet.com/history-of-psychology/middle-ages/mental-illness-in-the-middle-ages/</a><o:p></o:p></i></p>Michael Pekkerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00719697048984156330noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7117914696834537995.post-55705306490749806262023-08-29T22:17:00.007-07:002023-08-29T22:17:48.114-07:00How Depression was Treated in Ancient Mesopotamia?<p> </p><p class="MsoNoSpacing">While the concept of "depression" as understood
today may not have existed in the same way in ancient civilizations like
Mesopotamia, there are historical records and texts that provide insights into
emotional and psychological distress that could be related to depressive
symptoms. It's important to note that interpreting historical accounts through
a modern psychological lens can be challenging, as the understanding and
language of mental health have evolved significantly over time. That being
said, there are indications that people in ancient Mesopotamia experienced
emotional suffering that could be linked to what we now understand as
depression.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Here is a surprisingly relatable description of
depression and heartbreak from 3,000 years ago in Mesopotamia, the land between
the Euphrates and Tigris rivers that hosted the peoples of Babylon and
Assyria: <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><i>“If Depression continually falls upon him, he continually
sighs, he eats bread and drinks beer but it does not go well for him, then
says, ‘Oh, my heart!’ and is dejected, he is sick with Lovesickness; it is the
same for a man and a woman.”</i><o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjYsWRslbTxLZrfGnxYVeJJnzHX6c7tZ-Achud1VlorEpITv_uILXxwcedsyS2cGpcSqQKtob7eLhgyD_wCP2geHXt03fxSN-sXAaZkAY7lv9dB3f-iSmZfBKn5uxm_Or2oeZEVb_jfnl8SEuu2_DS5Wp0MgIK_mpZCdNPwmm7pEf3PtEph6e5qW5P/s933/102018-26-Ancient-History-Mesopotamia-Medicine-Health.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="500" data-original-width="933" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjYsWRslbTxLZrfGnxYVeJJnzHX6c7tZ-Achud1VlorEpITv_uILXxwcedsyS2cGpcSqQKtob7eLhgyD_wCP2geHXt03fxSN-sXAaZkAY7lv9dB3f-iSmZfBKn5uxm_Or2oeZEVb_jfnl8SEuu2_DS5Wp0MgIK_mpZCdNPwmm7pEf3PtEph6e5qW5P/w400-h214/102018-26-Ancient-History-Mesopotamia-Medicine-Health.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><i><br /></i><p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b>Descriptive Texts<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Some cuneiform texts from Mesopotamia mention individuals
experiencing emotional turmoil, sadness, and grief. These emotions could be
seen as indicative of what we would recognize as depressive symptoms today.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Here are a few examples of descriptive texts that offer
insights into emotional experiences in ancient Mesopotamia:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Lamentation
Texts:</b> Lamentation texts are poetic compositions that express sorrow and
grief over various losses, such as death, destruction, or misfortune. These
texts often convey deep emotional distress and despair. An example is the
"Lament for Ur," which mourns the downfall of the city of Ur and
expresses the emotional turmoil experienced by its inhabitants.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Prayers
and Incantations:</b> Many cuneiform texts contain prayers and incantations
that invoke deities for protection, healing, or relief from distress. Some of
these texts reflect a sense of helplessness and a desire for divine
intervention to alleviate emotional suffering.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Omens
and Divination Texts:</b> Mesopotamian society placed great importance on omens
and divination to predict future events. Some texts describe omens that were
interpreted as signs of impending misfortune or calamity. Individuals might
have experienced anxiety and fear in response to these omens.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Personal
Correspondence:</b> Some letters and personal correspondences provide glimpses
into the emotional lives of individuals. These texts may express concerns,
worries, or emotional struggles that individuals faced in their daily lives.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Literary
Works:</b> Mesopotamian literature often portrayed characters who experienced
emotional challenges. The Epic of Gilgamesh, for example, explores themes of
grief, mortality, and existential questioning, which can be linked to emotional
distress.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Legal
and Administrative Texts:</b> Some legal and administrative texts mention
disputes and conflicts that arose due to interpersonal issues. These texts
indirectly reflect the emotional and social dynamics of the society.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b>Medical Texts<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Ancient Mesopotamian texts often linked physical health
and mental well-being. Some texts describe ailments that include symptoms such
as fatigue, loss of appetite, and feelings of hopelessness – characteristics
that align with depressive symptoms. These texts sometimes suggest treatments
or rituals for conditions that may have included emotional suffering.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Here are some aspects of medical texts that relate to
emotional experiences:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Physical
and Emotional Connection:</b> Many ancient medical texts from Mesopotamia
believed in a close connection between physical health and emotional
well-being. Some texts suggested that physical ailments could result from
emotional distress or divine displeasure.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Descriptions
of Symptoms:</b> Some medical texts describe symptoms that could be associated
with emotional or psychological distress. For example, feelings of sadness,
anxiety, fatigue, and loss of appetite might be mentioned in relation to
certain conditions.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Treatment
Approaches:</b> Mesopotamian medical texts prescribed various treatments for
different ailments, including rituals, medicinal herbs, and incantations. Some
treatments might have had psychological or emotional components, such as
calming rituals aimed at alleviating distress.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Use
of Incantations:</b> Incantations were commonly used in Mesopotamian medicine
as part of treatments. These incantations often invoked deities or supernatural
powers and might have been employed to provide relief from emotional or
psychological distress.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Interactions
with Healers:</b> The role of healers, which included both medical
practitioners and priests, likely involved addressing not only physical
symptoms but also emotional and psychological concerns of patients. The
soothing presence and words of a healer could have had a positive impact on
emotional well-being.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Cultural
and Religious Context:</b> The understanding of mental and emotional well-being
was heavily influenced by the religious and cultural beliefs of ancient
Mesopotamia. Emotional distress might have been attributed to divine forces or
cosmic influences.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Relationship
with the Gods:</b> Some medical texts acknowledge the role of gods in both
causing and curing illnesses, which could have included emotional suffering.
Rituals and offerings were often employed to seek divine intervention for
healing.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Magical
Healing Practices:</b> Alongside medical treatments, magical practices and
rituals were used to address various conditions. These practices might have included
gestures and words meant to ease emotional discomfort.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpZquz38oxoi6sRrUedYpE9QXYxV6zyBcjQLAEL1rYtWnzdlKwZM4DKCuvQgXhYVbmX-o68k4gyHeJaIBm1tspA0BneDHhodDXpYoJBBQADNnUE-wJmc9ltur30JCih9KDyBnbF3ZJRfp113Ixf7A0NRJzrv2GsUcx54PsyePC76wX2iXsFqf9xOvg/s500/12029.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="290" data-original-width="500" height="233" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpZquz38oxoi6sRrUedYpE9QXYxV6zyBcjQLAEL1rYtWnzdlKwZM4DKCuvQgXhYVbmX-o68k4gyHeJaIBm1tspA0BneDHhodDXpYoJBBQADNnUE-wJmc9ltur30JCih9KDyBnbF3ZJRfp113Ixf7A0NRJzrv2GsUcx54PsyePC76wX2iXsFqf9xOvg/w400-h233/12029.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><b><br /></b><p></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b>Supernatural and Spiritual Explanations<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">In many ancient cultures, including Mesopotamia,
emotional and psychological distress were often attributed to supernatural or
spiritual causes. Ancient Mesopotamians believed that various deities could
influence human emotions, and negative emotions might be seen as a result of
divine displeasure or intervention.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Here's how supernatural and spiritual explanations were
used to understand emotional distress and well-being in ancient Mesopotamia:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Divine
Influence:</b> Ancient Mesopotamians believed that gods and goddesses had a
direct influence on human affairs, including emotions and mental states.
Emotional distress, such as feelings of sadness, fear, or despair, could be
attributed to the displeasure or intervention of deities.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Divine
Punishment:</b> Emotional suffering might be interpreted as a form of divine
punishment for perceived transgressions or offenses. Individuals experiencing
distress might believe that their emotional state was a consequence of actions
that angered the gods.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Omens
and Signs:</b> Events in nature, unusual occurrences, or dreams were often
interpreted as omens or signs from the gods. Emotional states could be
influenced by the interpretation of these omens, leading to feelings of
anxiety, fear, or hopelessness.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Rituals
and Offerings:</b> To alleviate emotional distress or seek favor from deities,
individuals engaged in rituals and offered sacrifices. These acts were believed
to appease the gods and potentially lead to relief from emotional suffering.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Spiritual
Healing:</b> Priests and religious practitioners held the role of
intermediaries between humans and the divine. They might perform rituals,
incantations, or ceremonies aimed at addressing emotional turmoil and seeking
divine intervention for healing.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Personal
Connection to Deities:</b> Ancient Mesopotamians believed in a personal
relationship with their deities. Individuals might pray to specific gods or
goddesses associated with emotional well-being, seeking comfort and guidance.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Cultural
Practices:</b> The cultural practices of prayer, offerings, and rituals were
integral to addressing emotional distress. Engaging in these practices could
provide a sense of control and empowerment in the face of emotional challenges.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Cosmic
Forces:</b> Beliefs about cosmic influences and the alignment of planets and
celestial bodies could also impact emotional experiences. Certain cosmic events
might be interpreted as influencing human emotions and well-being.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">9.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Narratives
and Myths:</b> Myths and narratives in Mesopotamian culture often featured gods
and goddesses experiencing emotions and challenges. These stories provided a
framework for understanding human emotional experiences as reflections of
divine dynamics.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b>Example of Clinical Description and Treatment<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3842853/">The present text</a>
is unusual in some respects. The tablet is a copy and the original date is
unknown, although very probably of the 2nd millennium BC when there was a major
activity in the collection and editing of medical texts. It includes an
unusually long clinical description followed by its treatment, in this case a
ritual.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">It is uncertain whether the clinical description in the
text below referred originally to a single case involving one ‘head of the
household’ or, in the usual Babylonian medical tradition, presents the complete
clinical picture derived from observing many examples. The appeal is to a
higher deity, Shamash, the sun god and God of justice.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><i>If an awīlum (or specifically the head of a
household) has had a (long) spell of misfortune – and he does not know how it
came upon him – so that he has continually suffered losses and deprivation
(including) losses of barley and silver and losses of slaves and slave-girls,
and there have been cases of oxen, horses, sheep, dogs and pigs, and even
(other) awīlū (in his household) dying off altogether; if he has
frequent nervous breakdowns, and from constantly giving orders with no (one)
complying, calling with no (one) answering, and striving to achieve his desires
while having (at the same time) to look after his household, he shakes with
fear in his bedroom and his limbs have become “weak”; if because of his
condition he is filled with anger against god and king; if his limbs often hang
limp, and he is sometimes so frightened that he cannot sleep by day or night
and constantly sees disturbing dreams; if he has a “weakness” in his limbs
(from) not having enough food and drink; and if (in speech) he forgets (cannot
find)the word which he is trying to say; then, as for that awīlum, the
anger of (his) god and goddess is upon him.<o:p></o:p></i></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><i>To release him, and so that he shall not be overcome
by his “fears”:<o:p></o:p></i></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><i>(Procedure): You shall make two anti-māmītu images,
male and female, of clay and potter’s clay, and you shall write their names on
their left-hand sides. (The female figurine) you shall dress with a coat, wrap
and headcloth of blue, black and white wool. A white stone you shall put round
her neck. (The male figurine) you will (likewise) clothe with coat, wrap and
headcloth and a girdle of white unspun wool you will [bind] on his loins.<o:p></o:p></i></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><i>Then before Shamash you will prepare the (customary)
ritual. You will set up a libation vessel and provide (side) dishes of dates
and emmer-meal. You will prepare a sacrificial sheep-offering which is pure and
without blemish, and the right shoulder, (both) fat and roast, you will present
to him.<o:p></o:p></i></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><i>You will then introduce the anti-māmītu images to
Shamash, declaring their names (and saying):<o:p></o:p></i></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><i>(Incantation)<o:p></o:p></i></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><i>O Shamash, king of heaven and earth, lord of law and
just reform,<o:p></o:p></i></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><i>To preserve (the lives of) my statues I have purified
the potter’s clay,<o:p></o:p></i></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><i>I have given them their silver beads.<o:p></o:p></i></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><i>(As) in presenting them to you I honour (you) by them,
I glorify (you) by them,<o:p></o:p></i></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><i>(So) let this his statue become a man,<o:p></o:p></i></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><i>Let this her statue become a woman.<o:p></o:p></i></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><i>O Shamash, lord most high and knower of everything,<o:p></o:p></i></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><i>I, So-and so, son of So-and-so, thy respectful
servant,<o:p></o:p></i></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><i>From this day on do walk before you.<o:p></o:p></i></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><i>(So) as your great divinity shines forth upon me,<o:p></o:p></i></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><i>With regard to the māmītu-influences which have
seized me, which pursue me night and day,<o:p></o:p></i></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><i>Which are wasting my flesh, and stand (ready) to cut
off my life,<o:p></o:p></i></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><i>By the command of your great godhead<o:p></o:p></i></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><i>Allow it to these (images) to be a substitute for my
flesh and person,<o:p></o:p></i></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><i>My substitute figurines let them be.<o:p></o:p></i></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><i>(Now) unto Ereshkigal, the great Queen of the
Underworld,<o:p></o:p></i></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><i>The(se) substitutes of myself do I bury in the earth,
(saying):<o:p></o:p></i></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><i>Long life and good health<o:p></o:p></i></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><i>Do you decree for me, do you open up for me!<o:p></o:p></i></p>Michael Pekkerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00719697048984156330noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7117914696834537995.post-19391063838698711022023-08-25T23:49:00.000-07:002023-08-25T23:49:07.424-07:00How Depression was Treated in Ancient India?<p> </p><p class="MsoNoSpacing">In ancient India, mental health and its treatment were
approached through a combination of spiritual, philosophical, and medicinal
practices. While the concept of depression as understood in modern psychology
might not have been identical to ancient Indian perspectives, there were
certainly discussions and methods to address conditions that could be related
to emotional distress and mental suffering.<o:p></o:p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUB0DcxaE4SKcuNDAnNTDJZEkdDwP7QJFAB9CvhatzUIvg6x1c9ZaI05RTERpu4BTk1QNfG7OMeMLbAmdykY6NtbRlXoFdHA_ICZgwFJa7Fat-BnbCu24YSZDNDHoP8M0a4NYs4k0s46AHIdWHz9WkclBUjjiw4XJ0W1AVW2vJJpD-5Im4Lzp4a2wd/s993/Ayurvedic-Medicine.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="670" data-original-width="993" height="270" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUB0DcxaE4SKcuNDAnNTDJZEkdDwP7QJFAB9CvhatzUIvg6x1c9ZaI05RTERpu4BTk1QNfG7OMeMLbAmdykY6NtbRlXoFdHA_ICZgwFJa7Fat-BnbCu24YSZDNDHoP8M0a4NYs4k0s46AHIdWHz9WkclBUjjiw4XJ0W1AVW2vJJpD-5Im4Lzp4a2wd/w400-h270/Ayurvedic-Medicine.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><br /></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b>What was considered as depression causes?<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">The ancient Indian texts and traditions often described a
range of psychological and emotional experiences, which might not directly
correlate to the modern diagnostic category of depression. However, there were
certainly sources of suffering and distress that can be seen as related to what
we now understand as depression. Here are some factors that could have
contributed to emotional suffering in ancient India:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Spiritual
and Existential Concerns: Many ancient Indian philosophical and spiritual
traditions contemplated the nature of suffering, the impermanence of life, and
the search for meaning. Individuals struggling with existential questions might
have experienced emotional distress as they grappled with the uncertainties of
life and their place in the universe.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Loss
and Grief: Just like in any culture, loss of loved ones, whether through death
or separation, could lead to profound sadness and emotional suffering. The
process of mourning and adjusting to life without the presence of a loved one
could have been a source of distress.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Social
and Economic Pressures: The ancient Indian social structure had its own set of
norms and expectations. Individuals who faced challenges related to caste,
class, family, or economic pressures might have experienced distress due to social
and financial difficulties.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Relationship
Struggles: Interpersonal conflicts, strained relationships, and difficulties in
maintaining social bonds could lead to emotional distress. These challenges
might have been exacerbated by societal norms and family expectations.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Existential
Struggles: Philosophical inquiries into the nature of existence, the self, and
the meaning of life were common in ancient Indian traditions. Individuals
grappling with these profound questions might have experienced emotional turmoil
in the process.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Physical
Health Issues: In Ayurveda, physical health and mental health were closely
connected. Physical illnesses and imbalances were believed to influence mental
well-being. Chronic physical ailments could contribute to feelings of sadness
or despair.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Environmental
Factors: Living conditions, climate, and other environmental factors could also
impact emotional well-being. Harsh living conditions or extreme weather
conditions might have had an effect on people's mood and mental state.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Lack
of Understanding: Without the modern understanding of mental health,
individuals experiencing emotional distress might not have had a clear
framework to understand what they were going through. This lack of
understanding could compound their suffering.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b>Ayuverda and Depression<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">In ancient India, the understanding of mental health and
its biological underpinnings was quite different from our modern scientific
understanding. The ancient Indian medical system, Ayurveda, attributed mental
health issues to imbalances in the three doshas (Vata, Pitta, and Kapha) and
disturbances in the flow of prana (life force) in the body. While these
concepts provided a framework for understanding health and illness, they were
not based on the biological and neurochemical explanations that we have today.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">In the context of Ayurveda, depression-like symptoms
might have been associated with imbalances in the doshas or disruptions in the
body's energy flow. These imbalances were thought to be caused by factors such
as improper diet, unhealthy lifestyle, negative emotions, and external
influences. Ayurvedic treatments aimed to restore balance through dietary
changes, herbal remedies, yoga, meditation, and other practices.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Here's how Ayurveda approached mental well-being and
related conditions:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Imbalances
in Doshas: Ayurveda is based on the concept of three doshas—Vata, Pitta, and
Kapha—which represent different energies or biological humors in the body.
Imbalances in these doshas were believed to be at the root of various health
issues, including mental and emotional disturbances. Depression-like symptoms
might have been attributed to an imbalance in one or more doshas.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Tridosha
Balance: Ayurveda emphasized maintaining a balance among the three doshas.
Depending on the dominant dosha and the specific symptoms, Ayurvedic
practitioners would recommend dietary adjustments, lifestyle changes, and
herbal remedies to restore balance and promote mental well-being.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Herbs
and Dietary Recommendations: Ayurveda utilized a variety of herbs to address
mental and emotional imbalances. Some herbs believed to have a calming effect
on the mind and potentially address symptoms associated with depression
included Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri), Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera), Jatamansi
(Nardostachys jatamansi), and others. Dietary recommendations focused on
nurturing a healthy digestive system, as Ayurveda believed that digestion
played a crucial role in overall well-being.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Lifestyle
Practices: Ayurveda recommended various lifestyle practices to support mental
health. Yoga, meditation, and pranayama (breath control) were considered
beneficial for calming the mind and reducing stress.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Aromatherapy
and Massage: Ayurveda also employed aromatherapy and massage as therapeutic
tools. Certain essential oils and massages were believed to have a positive
impact on the nervous system and mental well-being.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Detoxification
(Panchakarma): Ayurveda advocated periodic detoxification to eliminate toxins
from the body. This cleansing process, known as Panchakarma, was believed to
help restore balance and promote overall health, which could contribute to
better mental well-being.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Individualized
Approach: One of the key principles of Ayurveda is recognizing the uniqueness
of each individual. Treatment recommendations were personalized based on a
person's constitution (Prakriti) and imbalances (Vikriti). This individualized
approach aimed to address the root causes of imbalance and promote holistic
healing.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .25in;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitNAgLR-FZTllQ8BtO_oOq6B3dBLUA64NZ7rgAPnYhpQ5vJ6MoXCOtLDMNoGvZ4TNaHZsiREDdxaFNyMWniiQaFPR4t2zykSrO9iXJtkK-RLhw--WM5NiaDikccWnX4Z2VNOMMCCIVS5mLMsX5d9X05k3yxGBoUReh_qxFQbo91AuC4o7f1iM9QmdV/s500/RobertThom.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="384" data-original-width="500" height="308" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitNAgLR-FZTllQ8BtO_oOq6B3dBLUA64NZ7rgAPnYhpQ5vJ6MoXCOtLDMNoGvZ4TNaHZsiREDdxaFNyMWniiQaFPR4t2zykSrO9iXJtkK-RLhw--WM5NiaDikccWnX4Z2VNOMMCCIVS5mLMsX5d9X05k3yxGBoUReh_qxFQbo91AuC4o7f1iM9QmdV/w400-h308/RobertThom.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><b><br /></b><p></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .25in;"><b>Other Remedies for
Depression Treatment<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Yoga
and Meditation: Ancient Indian philosophy laid emphasis on practices like yoga
and meditation for achieving mental equilibrium. Yoga involved physical
postures (asanas), breath control (pranayama), and meditation techniques aimed
at calming the mind and achieving a state of inner peace.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Spiritual
and Philosophical Approaches: Ancient Indian philosophical systems, such as
Buddhism and Jainism, focused on understanding and transcending suffering.
These traditions offered insights into the nature of the mind and emotions,
along with techniques to cultivate mindfulness and detach from the causes of
suffering.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Ayurvedic
Herbs: Ayurveda utilized various herbs and plant-based remedies to address
mental distress. Herbs like Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri), Ashwagandha (Withania
somnifera), and Jatamansi (Nardostachys jatamansi) were believed to have
calming and mood-stabilizing properties.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Music
and Arts: Indian culture has a rich history of using music, dance, and arts as
therapeutic tools. These creative expressions were believed to have the ability
to uplift the spirit and alleviate emotional suffering. It was also believed
that the rhythmic and melodic tunes, accompanied by graceful movements, had a
profound impact on the mental state of an individual. The harmonious sound of
musical instruments and the coordination between body and music were thought to
uplift the spirit and provide relief from depressive moods.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Healthy
Lifestyle: Furthermore, ancient Indians recognized the importance of healthy
lifestyle choices in maintaining mental well-being. Dietary regulations were
followed, such as consuming a balanced diet, abstaining from excessive alcohol
or substances, and adhering to routines. Proper sleep patterns, regular exercise,
and engaging in recreational activities were also encouraged as ways to prevent
and manage depression.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Social
Support and Community: Ancient Indian society was often closely-knit, and
community support played a significant role in emotional well-being. Families,
friends, and local communities provided a support system for individuals going
through difficult times.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Mantras
and Chants: Certain mantras and chants from Hindu and Buddhist traditions were
considered to have healing effects on the mind. Repetition of these sacred
sounds was believed to bring about a sense of calm and inner peace.<o:p></o:p></p>Michael Pekkerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00719697048984156330noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7117914696834537995.post-48918452988366825552023-08-17T20:38:00.007-07:002023-08-17T20:38:47.733-07:00How Depression was Treated in Ancient China?<p> </p><p class="MsoNoSpacing">The first officially documented management of the
mentally ill in China was in the Tang Dynasty (618-907 AD), when homeless
widows, orphans and the mentally ill were cared for in the Bei Tian Fang, a
type of charity facility administrated by monks.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">In ancient China, depression and mental health disorders
were understood and treated within the context of traditional Chinese medicine
(TCM). The approach to treating depression in ancient China was holistic and
encompassed a combination of herbal remedies, acupuncture, lifestyle
adjustments, and philosophical practices. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b>Chinese Philosophy<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Mental illness is often thought to be a matter of
individual disorder. Modern psychiatry looks to features of individual
experience, behavior and thoughts to diagnose mental illness, and focuses on
individual remedies to treat it. If you are depressed, this is understood
as <i>your</i> response to circumstances, based on features of your
genetics, disordered patterns of thinking, or personal problems and emotional
states. Western treatment of mental illness follows these same individualistic
lines. The individual is provided with medicine and therapy, which are
certainly helpful.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">But such an emphasis on the individual can lead us to
neglect <a href="https://psyche.co/ideas/chinese-philosophy-has-long-known-that-mental-health-is-communal">communal
approaches</a> to treatment. Often overlooked are the ways in which social
norms, cultural beliefs and communal attitudes contribute to mental illness.
Ancient Chinese scholars understood this well.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">These thinkers recognized a number of mental and behavioral
disorders as illnesses (<i>bing</i>), which were categorized and discussed in
the earliest-known medical text in China, the <i>Huangdi Neijing</i> <i>Lingshu
Jing</i> (the oldest parts of which date to the 4th century BCE). This
text describes a number of mental illnesses, most prominently <i>dian</i>,
marked by ‘unhappiness, headache, red eyes and a troubled mind’, and <i>kuang</i>,
marked by ‘manic forgetfulness, flying into rages’ and ‘wild activity’, among
other symptoms. Early Chinese medical scholars understood such mental illnesses
to have a number of contributing causes, including overabundance of emotion,
failure to control desires, the depletion of ‘vital energy’ from the organs –
and the community to which one belongs.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Mental illness is linked to emotion in a number of early
philosophical and medical texts. A passage from the <i>Guanzi</i> instructs
that harmonious and effective action is possible only in the absence of the
kinds of extreme joy, pleasure and anger that can disorder the mind, leading it
to ‘lose its (original) form’. The <i>Zhongyong</i> associates
harmony (<i>he</i>) with the proper restriction of the emotions. A passage in
the <i>Huangdi Neijing</i> reads: ‘When anger abounds and does not
end, then it will harm the mind.’ Just as in the case of tools or machines,
there are ways in which we can use our bodies that overtax or harm them, and
thus cause injury and illness (including mental illness), according to ancient
Chinese scholars. This is an astute insight into the nature of illness.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">According to ancient Chinese scholars, we can avoid
illnesses caused by overabundant emotion (or treat them) by learning to
restrain the mind. ‘Let the mind have no anger,’ instructs a passage from
the <i>Huangdi Neijing</i>. However, achieving this requires more than
just individualized approaches aimed at restructuring the way that ill
individuals think about their experience. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Early Confucians recognized that the behaviors and
attitudes of individuals are not due solely to individual character and
decisions. This is the reason why Confucius taught that, if you wish to become
virtuous, you must be careful whom you are around. He advised that we should
take as friends only those who are at least as morally good as we are. Being part
of harmonious and virtuous communities is necessary for the development of
healthy behaviors, attitudes and emotions. If we are in bad, vicious or
unhealthy communities, our beliefs, emotions, expectations and attitudes (among
other things) will be disordered in critical ways.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">This is relevant when it comes to mental illness, because
such illness is at least in part a matter of behavioral and emotional norms
governed by society. Confucians would likely have said of our own modern world
that the alienation created by the self-centeredness required for modern
economic and consumer culture plays a major role in driving mental illness. Tu
Weiming, a contemporary scholar of Confucianism, writes that, according to the
Confucian view, ‘self-centeredness easily leads to a closed world … to a state
of paralysis’. The kinds of community that promote self-centeredness and
self-concern – ranging from the seemingly innocuous concern with ‘defining
oneself’, via various individual and consumer choices, to the corrosive lack of
empathy or care for others in the community – are communities likely to
inculcate in individual members behavioral and attitudinal traits that
contribute to mental illness.<o:p></o:p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzUjZ6-8UmxLM-jYLrb3ZzyV5vWC0ZU582IwiEIcvsg977n6CqpuV_2iB4GjtJt0U32KbaCjPcf4FYSRtmvuiNUzG2n9lTiiTwu_PGEM0vzMfhDZ8KzImhVQID3qBJZgGKD1jN17wG7OA0wBmch1Tfxp40_81w07kyJsjuKfedLTHo8srD_vCBftc0/s1400/1_QYnC1jxGuaQKvkfu6lGawA.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="739" data-original-width="1400" height="211" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzUjZ6-8UmxLM-jYLrb3ZzyV5vWC0ZU582IwiEIcvsg977n6CqpuV_2iB4GjtJt0U32KbaCjPcf4FYSRtmvuiNUzG2n9lTiiTwu_PGEM0vzMfhDZ8KzImhVQID3qBJZgGKD1jN17wG7OA0wBmch1Tfxp40_81w07kyJsjuKfedLTHo8srD_vCBftc0/w400-h211/1_QYnC1jxGuaQKvkfu6lGawA.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><br /></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b>Herbal Medicine<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Traditional Chinese medicine relied heavily on herbal
remedies. Specific herbs were used to balance the body's energy (Qi) and
restore harmony. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">While the concept of depression in ancient China may not
directly correlate with modern clinical definitions, TCM had methods to address
symptoms that align with what we now understand as depression. Here are some
herbs that were commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine to address
emotional imbalances and mood issues:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>St.
John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum):</b> This herb was used in TCM to treat
conditions related to emotional disturbances, including symptoms that resemble
depression. St. John's Wort was believed to have calming and mood-stabilizing
effects.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Chinese
Skullcap (Scutellaria baicalensis):</b> This herb has been used to address
anxiety, stress, and restlessness in TCM. It was believed to have sedative and
calming properties.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Polygala
Root (Polygala tenuifolia):</b> Also known as Yuan Zhi, this herb was used to
address mental and emotional imbalances. It was believed to help clear the
mind, soothe irritability, and calm the spirit.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Rehmannia
Root (Rehmannia glutinosa):</b> This herb was used to nourish and tonify the
Yin energy in TCM. It was believed that imbalances in Yin could lead to
emotional issues, and Rehmannia root was used to restore this balance.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Atractylodes
Root (Atractylodes macrocephala):</b> This herb was used to strengthen the
Spleen and Stomach energies, which are important in TCM for overall well-being.
An imbalanced Spleen energy was thought to contribute to symptoms like fatigue
and low mood.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Ginseng
(Panax ginseng):</b> Ginseng is a well-known herb in TCM with adaptogenic
properties. It was believed to help the body adapt to stress and improve
overall vitality, which could indirectly impact mood.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Licorice
Root (Glycyrrhiza glabra):</b> This herb was used to harmonize and balance
other herbs in herbal formulas. It was believed to support the function of
other herbs and assist in overall treatment.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Astragalus
Root (Astragalus membranaceus):</b> Astragalus was used to tonify Qi energy,
which is important for vitality and resilience. Addressing Qi imbalances was
seen as a way to support emotional well-being.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZlFkcfYnSYkLcAJIVSOS_Uxbn8ydpqmSgsfedXXNhT4fks2wzwth8Z9GsnsNbG3cIvAYi_-P81Z6hzwolhi8o9f0VWSJjUoy2ddSfquNeaQn5Lpexa7MRKFzVbijMabSJRfO4_w2xU0NxquwsCOqJ8Pm9r1YGXYjMIno1nVZt6WO7cEzT18Bx8JYD/s722/Screenshot%202023-08-17%20203611.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="402" data-original-width="722" height="223" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZlFkcfYnSYkLcAJIVSOS_Uxbn8ydpqmSgsfedXXNhT4fks2wzwth8Z9GsnsNbG3cIvAYi_-P81Z6hzwolhi8o9f0VWSJjUoy2ddSfquNeaQn5Lpexa7MRKFzVbijMabSJRfO4_w2xU0NxquwsCOqJ8Pm9r1YGXYjMIno1nVZt6WO7cEzT18Bx8JYD/w400-h223/Screenshot%202023-08-17%20203611.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><b><br /></b><p></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b>Acupuncture and Acupressure<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Acupuncture was one of the therapeutic techniques used in
ancient China to address various health issues, including emotional and mental
imbalances. While the concept of depression in the modern clinical sense may
not have existed in ancient times, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) had a
framework for understanding and treating emotional disturbances that align with
what we now recognize as mood disorders. Acupuncture was employed as part of a
holistic approach to restore balance and harmony within the body's energy (Qi)
and organ systems. Here's how acupuncture was used for emotional well-being in
ancient China:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Qi
Flow and Balance:</b> In TCM, the body's vital energy, known as Qi, flows
through pathways called meridians. It was believed that disruptions or imbalances
in the flow of Qi could contribute to emotional and mental symptoms.
Acupuncture involves the insertion of thin needles into specific points along
these meridians to regulate the flow of Qi and restore balance.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Regulation
of Energy:</b> Acupuncture points were selected based on an individual's
pattern of disharmony. For emotional issues, points related to the Heart,
Liver, Spleen, and Kidney meridians might be targeted. These points were
believed to have a direct influence on emotions and mental states.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Harmonizing
Organ Systems:</b> In TCM, emotions were connected to specific organ systems.
For example, the Heart was associated with joy and sadness, while the Liver was
linked to anger and frustration. Acupuncture could be used to balance and
harmonize these organ systems to address emotional symptoms.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Stress
Reduction:</b> Acupuncture was believed to have a calming and relaxing effect
on the nervous system. By stimulating specific points, practitioners aimed to
reduce stress, anxiety, and restlessness, which could contribute to emotional
imbalances.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Release
of Endorphins:</b> Acupuncture was thought to stimulate the release of
endorphins, the body's natural pain and stress-relieving compounds. This could
contribute to an improved mood and a sense of well-being.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Restoring
Yin and Yang:</b> TCM views health as a balance between the opposing forces of
Yin and Yang. Emotional imbalances were often seen as a disruption of this
balance. Acupuncture was used to restore harmony between Yin and Yang energies.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Individualized
Treatment:</b> Acupuncture treatments were personalized based on an
individual's constitution, symptoms, and patterns of disharmony. This approach
aimed to address the underlying causes of emotional issues rather than just
treating the symptoms.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Holistic
Approach:</b> Acupuncture was often combined with other TCM therapies, such as
herbal medicine, dietary adjustments, and lifestyle recommendations, to create
a comprehensive treatment plan for emotional well-being.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b>Dietary Changes:</b> Diet played a crucial role in
traditional Chinese medicine. Specific foods were recommended to support
emotional balance. For instance, foods that were considered to have a calming
effect on the mind, such as herbal teas and certain fruits, were incorporated
into the diet. Here are some dietary considerations that were believed to
promote emotional balance in ancient China:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Balancing
Yin and Yang:</b> TCM emphasizes the balance between Yin (cooling and
nourishing) and Yang (warming and energizing) energies. A balanced diet
included foods from both Yin and Yang categories to maintain harmony.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Moderation:</b>
Moderation in food consumption was a key principle in ancient Chinese dietary
practices. Overindulgence or extreme dietary habits were believed to disrupt
the body's balance.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Warm
and Cooked Foods:</b> Cooked and warm foods were preferred over raw and cold
foods. Cooked foods were considered easier to digest and gentler on the
digestive system.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Herbs
and Spices:</b> Certain herbs and spices were incorporated into the diet for
their potential to support emotional balance. For example, ginger, garlic, and
scallions were believed to have warming properties that could invigorate the
body's energies.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Seasonal
Eating:</b> TCM emphasizes eating foods that are in season and locally
available. Seasonal foods were believed to be more aligned with the body's
needs.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Bitter
and Astringent Flavors:</b> Bitter and astringent flavors were thought to have
a calming effect on the mind. Foods with these flavors, such as bitter greens
and certain grains, were included in the diet.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Avoiding
Excess Sugar and Stimulants:</b> Excessive consumption of sweets and stimulants
(such as caffeine) was discouraged, as these substances were believed to lead
to imbalances and disrupt emotional harmony.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Qi-Building
Foods:</b> Foods that were believed to strengthen the body's vital energy (Qi)
were considered beneficial. These might include foods rich in complex
carbohydrates, such as whole grains.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">9.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Bone
Broths:</b> Nutrient-rich bone broths made from simmering bones and vegetables
were often recommended for their nourishing properties.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">10.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Mindful
Eating:</b> TCM emphasizes mindful eating, paying attention to the flavors,
textures, and aromas of food. This practice was thought to promote a deeper
connection between the body and mind.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b>Physical Activity<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">In ancient China, physical exercises were considered an
important aspect of maintaining overall health and well-being, including
emotional balance. These exercises were often rooted in the principles of
traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and were designed to promote the flow of
vital energy (Qi) and harmonize the body's energies. Here are some examples of
physical exercises that were believed to have benefits for emotional balance in
ancient China:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Tai
Chi (Taijiquan):</b> Tai Chi is a traditional Chinese martial art that is now
widely practiced for its health benefits. It involves slow, flowing movements
that are performed in a meditative and mindful manner. Tai Chi is believed to promote
the smooth flow of Qi and balance Yin and Yang energies. The practice's
emphasis on relaxation and mindfulness can contribute to a sense of calm and
emotional well-being.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Qigong
(Chi Kung):</b> Qigong is a system of exercises that involves breath control,
gentle movements, and meditation. Like Tai Chi, Qigong aims to cultivate and
balance Qi within the body. There are various forms of Qigong, some of which
specifically target emotional imbalances and promote inner peace.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Daoist
Yoga and Stretching:</b> Ancient China had its own forms of stretching and
yoga-like practices that were associated with Daoist philosophy. These
practices were aimed at maintaining flexibility, enhancing circulation, and
promoting a harmonious flow of Qi.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Five
Animal Frolics (Wu Qin Xi):</b> This is a set of exercises that imitate the
movements and behaviors of five animals: the tiger, deer, bear, monkey, and
bird. Each animal's movements were thought to correspond to specific meridians
and organs in the body. The Five Animal Frolics were believed to have physical
and mental health benefits.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Walking
Meditation:</b> Walking meditation involves combining mindfulness with walking.
It's a practice that encourages focusing on each step and the sensations of
walking, which can help quiet the mind and reduce stress.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Breathing
Exercises:</b> Controlled and mindful breathing exercises were often used in
conjunction with other physical practices. These exercises aimed to regulate
the breath, promote relaxation, and balance the body's energies.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Calm
Abiding Meditation:</b> This form of meditation involves focusing the mind on a
single point, often the breath or an image. It aims to bring about a state of
mental clarity, calmness, and inner peace.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Dance
and Movement:</b> Traditional dances and ceremonial movements were sometimes
used to promote emotional release, expression, and connection with the body's
energies.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b>Mind-Body Practices<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Ancient Chinese philosophy, including Daoism and
Confucianism, emphasized the importance of finding harmony and balance in one's
life. Meditation, mindfulness, and contemplative practices were used to
cultivate inner peace and emotional resilience.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Here are some examples of meditation practices that were
used for promoting emotional well-being in ancient China:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Daoist
Meditation:</b> Daoism is a philosophical and spiritual tradition in China that
emphasizes living in harmony with the Dao, often translated as the
"Way" or the natural order of the universe. Daoist meditation
practices involved cultivating stillness, mindfulness, and aligning with the
flow of Qi (vital energy) in the body. These practices aimed to bring about a
sense of tranquility, clarity, and connection with the natural world.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Chan
Buddhism (Zen Buddhism):</b> Although originating in India, Chan Buddhism was
adopted and adapted in China as a form of meditation practice. Chan meditation
focused on direct experience and insight into one's true nature. Practitioners
engaged in seated meditation (zazen) to calm the mind and cultivate awareness,
which could lead to a sense of inner peace and freedom from attachments.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Confucian
Self-Cultivation:</b> Confucianism, a philosophy emphasizing ethics, social
harmony, and self-cultivation, included meditative practices as a means to
cultivate virtue and inner balance. These practices often involved
contemplation on moral principles, reflecting on one's actions, and cultivating
a sense of equanimity.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Visualization
and Imagery:</b> Meditation techniques involving visualization of serene
landscapes, symbols, or deities were used to create a sense of tranquility and
mental clarity. These practices were believed to promote positive emotions and
a peaceful state of mind.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Body
Scan Meditation:</b> Body scan meditation involved directing focused attention
to different parts of the body, promoting relaxation, and heightening body
awareness. This practice aimed to release tension and create a sense of
physical and mental ease.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Mantra
Meditation:</b> Repeating sacred sounds or mantras was used as a way to focus
the mind and create a sense of inner peace. The rhythmic repetition of sounds
was believed to have a calming effect on the mind.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b>Literature and Art<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Depictions of depression and related emotional states in
ancient Chinese literature and art are often embedded within broader cultural,
philosophical, and artistic contexts. While the concept of depression as
understood in modern clinical terms might not have existed, ancient Chinese
literature and art do contain portrayals of emotional struggles, inner turmoil,
and existential contemplations. Here are a few examples:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Poetry:</b>
Chinese poetry, with its emphasis on emotions, nature, and the human
experience, often contains expressions of inner turmoil and melancholy. Some
poets, like those from the Tang Dynasty (618-907 AD), used nature metaphors to
convey emotional states. For instance, Li Bai's poem "Drinking Alone with
the Moon" reflects a sense of isolation and introspection.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Literary
Classics:</b> Classic Chinese texts, such as the "Dao De Jing"
attributed to Laozi and Confucian texts, address themes of balance, virtue, and
the search for meaning. These texts often touch on the nature of human emotions
and the challenges of maintaining emotional equilibrium.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Philosophical
Discourses:</b> The works of Confucian scholars, Daoist philosophers, and other
thinkers offer insights into the exploration of emotions, desires, and the
pursuit of contentment. Philosophical discourses often examined the
complexities of the human psyche and the search for a fulfilling life.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Paintings
and Calligraphy:</b> Chinese painting and calligraphy reflect the inner world
of the artists. Depictions of landscapes, solitary figures, and scenes of contemplation
convey a sense of introspection and emotional depth. Some artists, like those
from the literati tradition, conveyed emotions through their brushstrokes and
compositions.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Fictional
Narratives:</b> Ancient Chinese fictional works, such as "Dream of the Red
Chamber" (also known as "The Story of the Stone"), often delve
into themes of love, desire, suffering, and the impermanence of life. While not
explicit depictions of clinical depression, these narratives explore the
emotional and psychological experiences of characters.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Opera
and Drama:</b> Traditional Chinese opera and drama, such as Peking opera,
sometimes portrayed characters experiencing emotional turmoil and inner
conflicts. These performances incorporated stylized movements, costumes, and
music to convey emotions and character psychology.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Spiritual
Texts:</b> Buddhist and Daoist texts, which were influential in ancient China,
addressed the nature of suffering, attachment, and the quest for spiritual
enlightenment. These texts explored the human experience from a spiritual and
existential perspective.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Inscriptions
and Epitaphs:</b> Inscriptions on tombs, monuments, and epitaphs sometimes
conveyed emotional expressions and reflections on life and death. These
writings offer glimpses into personal thoughts and feelings of individuals from
ancient times.<o:p></o:p></p>Michael Pekkerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00719697048984156330noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7117914696834537995.post-80820547390882444692023-08-13T23:21:00.003-07:002023-08-13T23:21:27.728-07:00How Depression was Treated in Ancient Rome?<p> </p><p class="MsoNoSpacing">Depression, as understood in modern psychology, was not
recognized or diagnosed in the same way in Ancient Rome due to differences in
cultural beliefs, medical knowledge, and terminology. However, there are
historical accounts and writings that suggest the presence of emotional
distress and psychological struggles among individuals in ancient societies,
including Ancient Rome.<o:p></o:p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrrNpC8dE0fouNvxi9zzHm25Fmkd0DcehsvgPRP-HdMXO70ET75wyCYgxTLb0m67BvNUkpj8b9JmZOwc6aEHVZ_cMff8VH9K8shaPdQQWVShZMFUKtmlFOhKOWL-IWAfHfqz4yCjMbZM6wbqP5b_9OkiTXBszca21zVV5_hxAEbgSgIApCnT4ZgAsG/s935/Screenshot%202023-08-13%20220628.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="658" data-original-width="935" height="281" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrrNpC8dE0fouNvxi9zzHm25Fmkd0DcehsvgPRP-HdMXO70ET75wyCYgxTLb0m67BvNUkpj8b9JmZOwc6aEHVZ_cMff8VH9K8shaPdQQWVShZMFUKtmlFOhKOWL-IWAfHfqz4yCjMbZM6wbqP5b_9OkiTXBszca21zVV5_hxAEbgSgIApCnT4ZgAsG/w400-h281/Screenshot%202023-08-13%20220628.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><br /></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b>Historical Accounts<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Ancient Roman literature and historical documents
occasionally mention individuals who exhibited symptoms that could be
associated with depression. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Seneca the Younger: The Roman philosopher Seneca
wrote extensively about emotions and the human condition. In his letters, he
mentioned experiencing what he referred to as "acedia," which can be
interpreted as a form of listlessness, melancholy, or a lack of interest in
life. Some of his descriptions of acedia seem to align with aspects of what we
now understand as depression.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Pliny the Younger: In his letters, Pliny the
Younger, a Roman author and lawyer, wrote about his own emotional struggles
after the death of his close friend and mentor, Tacitus. His descriptions of
grief and sadness could be seen as reflecting some aspects of depression.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Historical Writings: Roman historians, such as
Livy and Tacitus, occasionally wrote about individuals who exhibited behaviors
that could be interpreted as signs of emotional distress. These accounts might
mention excessive mourning, withdrawal from social activities, and other
behaviors that could be indicative of emotional struggles.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Cicero’s ideas: The idea that mental
illness is caused either by moral failing or the peril of a femme fatale dates
back to Cicero (106-43 BCE). According to Cicero, Insania was a relatively mild
condition caused by a failure of will whereas Furens was a serious and total
lack of mental reasoning that made individuals unable to function in normal
life – inflicted by the angry, avenging “Furies” (a trio of bloodthirsty
goddesses of Hades who could make people seriously crazy).<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b>Treatments and Remedies<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Ancient Roman medicine, influenced by Greek medical
theories, often relied on the humoral theory. This theory posited that health
was determined by a balance of bodily fluids or "humors" (blood,
phlegm, yellow bile, black bile). An imbalance in these humors was thought to
lead to various physical and mental disorders. Emotional and psychological
disturbances were often linked to these humoral imbalances.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Galen, a prominent physician in ancient Rome, contributed
to medical understanding during his time. While his theories included elements
of the humoral theory, he also proposed more complex ideas about the
relationship between the body and the mind. He suggested that psychological
distress could stem from a range of causes, including imbalances in humors,
brain-related issues, and environmental factors.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Medical texts from the ancient world, including those by
Galen, often mentioned imbalances in bodily fluids (humors) as potential causes
of various physical and emotional ailments. While these texts do not directly
address depression as we understand it today, they do offer insights into how
the ancient Romans conceptualized the relationship between physical and mental
well-being.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Treating what we now understand as depression in ancient
Rome was approached differently compared to modern times, as the understanding
of mental health and medical practices were shaped by the cultural and medical
beliefs of that era. Here are some ways in which emotional and psychological
distress might have been addressed in ancient Rome:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Humoral
Balancing</b>: Ancient Roman medicine was influenced by the humoral theory,
which proposed that health was dependent on a balance of bodily fluids or
humors. Imbalances in these humors were believed to cause various ailments,
including emotional disturbances. Treatments often aimed to restore the balance
of these humors through methods like dietary changes, herbal remedies, and
physical interventions.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Bathing
and Therapeutic Baths</b>: Ancient Rome was known for its elaborate bathhouses.
Bathing, hot and cold plunges, and various treatments offered in these baths
were thought to have therapeutic effects on both physical and mental
well-being. Relaxing in a warm bath might have been considered a way to
alleviate stress and improve one's mood.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Herbal
Remedies and Aromatherapy</b>: Herbal medicine was widely practiced in ancient
Rome. Certain herbs and plants were believed to have calming or mood-enhancing
properties. For example, lavender, chamomile, and valerian were used to promote
relaxation and soothe the mind.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Diet
and Nutrition</b>: Diet was considered important for maintaining overall
health, including mental well-being. Specific foods were believed to have
different effects on the body and mind. Adjustments to one's diet might have
been recommended to improve mood and alleviate emotional distress.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Physical
Activity and Exercise</b>: Physical activity and exercise were valued in
ancient Rome for promoting physical and mental health. Engaging in activities
like walking, running, and participating in sports might have been considered
beneficial for improving mood and reducing stress.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Philosophical
Counseling</b>: The philosophical schools of ancient Rome, such as Stoicism and
Epicureanism, offered guidance on how to manage emotions and achieve mental
tranquility. Philosophers would often provide advice and teachings on
maintaining emotional balance and resilience in the face of challenges.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Social
Support</b>: Social interactions and support networks were considered important
for mental well-being. Spending time with friends, family, and participating in
social activities might have provided emotional comfort and a sense of
belonging.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b>Herbal Remedies<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Here are some examples of herbal remedies that were used
in ancient Rome:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Lavender</b>:
Lavender was often used for its calming and aromatic properties. It was
believed to promote relaxation and relieve stress. Lavender might have been
used in baths, oils, and perfumes to create a soothing atmosphere.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Chamomile</b>:
Chamomile was valued for its calming effects and potential to aid digestion. It
might have been used as a tea or in herbal preparations to promote relaxation
and ease mild anxiety.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Valerian</b>:
Valerian root was used for its potential sedative effects. It might have been
consumed in various forms, such as teas or tinctures, to alleviate insomnia and
promote relaxation.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Mint</b>:
Mint was known for its refreshing and digestive properties. Peppermint and
spearmint were used to make teas and infusions that might have helped soothe
upset stomachs and ease tension.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Rosemary</b>:
Rosemary was believed to have invigorating and stimulating properties. It might
have been used in aromatic preparations, as well as in cooking, for its flavor
and potential to enhance alertness.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Passionflower</b>:
While not native to ancient Rome, passionflower has calming and sedative
effects. It might have been used by later civilizations influenced by Roman
practices to address anxiety and restlessness.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Sage</b>:
Sage was used for its potential to improve memory and cognitive function. It
might have been consumed in small quantities or used as an ingredient in
culinary dishes.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Thyme</b>:
Thyme was valued for its potential antiseptic properties. It might have been
used in preparations to soothe respiratory issues and promote overall
well-being.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">9.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Frankincense
and Myrrh</b>: These resins were often used in religious rituals and as
incense. They were believed to have cleansing and purifying effects,
contributing to a sense of spiritual well-being.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b>Religious practices<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">In ancient Rome, religious practices were intertwined
with daily life and played a significant role in the social, cultural, and
emotional well-being of individuals. While the concept of
"depression" as understood in modern psychology didn't exist,
feelings of emotional distress and challenges were part of human experience.
Religious practices were often used as a means to seek solace, guidance, and
emotional relief. Here's how religious practices might have been associated
with emotional well-being:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Prayer and Rituals: Ancient Romans engaged in
various religious rituals and prayers to connect with gods and seek their
favor. Individuals might have turned to prayers during times of personal
difficulties, including emotional distress, in the hope of receiving divine
intervention or comfort.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Offerings and Sacrifices: Making offerings and
sacrifices to deities was a common practice in ancient Rome. These acts were
often accompanied by petitions for protection, healing, or guidance. Engaging
in these rituals might have provided a sense of taking proactive steps to
address emotional challenges.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Cult of Deities: Some deities were associated
with specific aspects of well-being and emotions. For example, the goddess Venus
was linked to love and beauty, and offerings made to her might have been
intended to seek emotional fulfillment.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Divination and Oracles: Divination practices,
such as reading omens or consulting oracles, were used to gain insights into
future events or decisions. These practices might have provided a sense of
guidance and clarity during times of uncertainty or emotional turmoil.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Festivals and Celebrations: Ancient Romans
participated in various festivals and celebrations dedicated to gods and
goddesses. These events provided opportunities for communal bonding,
celebration, and an escape from daily concerns, potentially contributing to
positive emotional experiences.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Temples and Sacred Spaces: Temples were places
of worship and reflection. Individuals might have visited temples to seek
solace, reflect on their emotions, and find a sense of connection to the
divine.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Sense of Meaning and Purpose: Religious beliefs
and practices provided a framework for understanding the world and one's place
in it. This sense of meaning and purpose might have offered individuals comfort
and a sense of emotional stability.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b>Literature and Art<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Ancient Roman literature, poetry, and art can offer
insights into the emotional struggles of individuals during that time.
Tragedies, poems, and writings often depict characters experiencing sorrow,
grief, and existential questions, which could reflect a range of emotional
states, including what we now understand as aspects of depression.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b>Ovid on Depression<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Ovid, a Roman poet who lived from 43 BCE to 17/18 CE,
wrote extensively on a wide range of topics, including emotions and human
experiences. While he didn't explicitly write about "depression" as
we understand it today, some of his works contain themes and passages that
resonate with the emotional struggles and complexities that can be associated
with depression. Here are a couple of examples:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>"Tristia"
("Sorrows")</b>: Ovid's collection of poems titled
"Tristia" was written during his exile from Rome. These poems reflect
his feelings of sorrow, nostalgia, and despair as he was forced to leave his
home and endure a difficult life in exile. While not a direct exploration of
clinical depression, "Tristia" reveals Ovid's emotional turmoil and
his sense of isolation, which can resonate with some aspects of depression.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>"Amores"
("Loves")</b>: Ovid's collection of elegiac poems known as
"Amores" explores the complexities of love and desire. In some of
these poems, Ovid touches on themes of longing, unrequited love, and emotional
pain. While these poems primarily focus on romantic and erotic feelings, they
also provide insights into the emotional ups and downs that individuals might
experience, which can be relatable to the emotional spectrum encompassed by
depression.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>"Metamorphoses"</b>:
Ovid's epic poem "Metamorphoses" tells the stories of various
mythological transformations. While the focus is on mythology, the work
explores themes of change, loss, and the human experience. These themes could
be interpreted in ways that resonate with emotional struggles and the
transformative nature of emotional states, including those associated with
depression.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b>Catullus on Depression<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Gaius Valerius Catullus, a Roman poet from the late
Republic era (c. 84 – c. 54 BCE), is known for his emotional and personal
poetry that often delves into themes of love, desire, friendship, and emotional
turmoil. While he didn't explicitly write about "depression" in the
modern clinical sense, some of his poems reflect the depths of emotional pain
and inner struggles that could resonate with aspects of depression. Here are a
couple of examples:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Poem
85 ("I Hate and Love")</b>: This famous poem by Catullus is often
translated as "I Hate and Love." It expresses the conflicting
emotions of love and hate that the speaker feels toward a person. The intense
emotional turbulence depicted in this poem could be seen as reflecting the
emotional rollercoaster that individuals with depression sometimes experience.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Poem
101 ("To Veranius")</b>: In this poem, Catullus mourns the death of
his dear friend Veranius. He expresses his deep grief and sadness over the loss
of their close bond. While the poem primarily revolves around grief and
mourning, it also portrays the emotional weight and emptiness that can be
associated with depression.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Poem
76 ("Passer, deliciae meae puellae")</b>: This poem laments the death
of Lesbia's pet sparrow and serves as a metaphor for the relationship between
Catullus and Lesbia. While the poem is more about love and loss, the feelings
of sadness and grief expressed in it could resonate with the emotional aspects
of depression.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Poem
64 ("Phasellus ille")</b>: Catullus's poem "Phasellus ille"
is a eulogy for his brother who had passed away. The poem reflects his sorrow,
longing, and the emotional weight of loss. The themes of grief and emptiness
present in this poem could evoke feelings that align with certain aspects of
depression.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b>Seneca's Letters</b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">The Roman philosopher Seneca wrote a series of letters
that explore various aspects of life, philosophy, and human emotions. In his
letters, he often touches on the challenges of dealing with emotions like
sorrow, anger, and grief. These reflections on the human condition could resonate
with emotional struggles that might be associated with depression.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b>Propertius's Elegies<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">The elegies of Propertius, a Roman poet contemporary to
Ovid, delve into themes of love, passion, and heartache. While his poems
primarily focus on romantic emotions, they also offer insights into the
emotional intensity and turmoil that individuals could experience, which can
relate to certain aspects of depression.<b><o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b>Lucretius's "De Rerum Natura"<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Lucretius, a Roman poet and philosopher, wrote the epic
poem "De Rerum Natura" (On the Nature of Things). While the poem
primarily explores philosophical and scientific concepts, it also delves into
human emotions and the nature of suffering, which could be interpreted in ways
that resonate with emotional struggles.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b>Martial's Epigrams<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Martial's collection of epigrams provides snapshots of
everyday life in ancient Rome. While many of his poems are humorous and
satirical, some touch on themes of loss, grief, and the challenges of human
emotions.<o:p></o:p></p>Michael Pekkerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00719697048984156330noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7117914696834537995.post-38114542404304576572023-07-28T22:52:00.001-07:002023-07-28T22:52:14.843-07:00How Depression was Treated in Ancient Greece?<p> </p><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b>Views on Depression<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Depression, as a mental health condition, was not
explicitly understood or diagnosed in ancient Greece in the way it is
recognized today. However, there are some references and depictions in ancient
Greek literature and philosophy that may provide some insights into how
depression was perceived during that time.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Melancholia:
The term "melancholia" was used in ancient Greece to describe a state
of extreme sadness or sorrow. It was considered one of the four temperaments
along with sanguine, choleric, and phlegmatic. Melancholia was associated with
the element of earth and was thought to be caused by an excess of black bile.
This concept of melancholia shares some similarities with modern-day
depression, though it was likely seen more as a physical condition than a
mental one.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Hippocratic
Writings: The Hippocratic texts, which were written in ancient Greece,
described various mental and physical ailments, including emotional
disturbances. Some of the symptoms mentioned in these texts might have been
similar to what we now associate with depression. However, the understanding
and treatment of these conditions were primarily rooted in humoral theory,
which focused on balancing bodily fluids.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Philosophical
Perspectives: Ancient Greek philosophers, such as Plato and Aristotle, discussed
the human psyche and emotions in their works. Plato, for example, addressed the
concept of sorrow and its impact on the soul. Aristotle, too, wrote about the
connection between emotions and mental well-being. While their writings touched
on aspects related to mental distress, they did not have a comprehensive
understanding of depression as a distinct mental disorder.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Divine
and Supernatural Beliefs: In ancient Greece, as in many other ancient cultures,
mental health issues were sometimes attributed to divine or supernatural
causes. People believed that certain gods or spirits could influence a person's
mental state, leading to emotional disturbances.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvgm2jWLrO5RrmxrbBO27pfsbXNDPV6Einded91zjIld11VIpkoRsHuU9V08l2XaaGJ7x1iNnOecUnBlbPhyqOUNbkz-AmzVcancVZeq5YJEbDZfCUlVU_6Vpn180UcDCfZLly-CpJxW-H-lMCjmM90N2R-LfjB7RvxWsIoon7h0byNxsySc4-TaTB/s840/082318-86-Ancient-Greece-Greek-History-Psychiatry-Psychology-Mythology.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="664" data-original-width="840" height="316" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvgm2jWLrO5RrmxrbBO27pfsbXNDPV6Einded91zjIld11VIpkoRsHuU9V08l2XaaGJ7x1iNnOecUnBlbPhyqOUNbkz-AmzVcancVZeq5YJEbDZfCUlVU_6Vpn180UcDCfZLly-CpJxW-H-lMCjmM90N2R-LfjB7RvxWsIoon7h0byNxsySc4-TaTB/w400-h316/082318-86-Ancient-Greece-Greek-History-Psychiatry-Psychology-Mythology.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><br /></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b>Melancholia vs Depression<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">In ancient Greece, melancholia was a term used to
describe a state of extreme sadness or sorrow, and it shares some similarities
with modern-day depression. However, it is essential to recognize that the
ancient Greek concept of melancholia was not the same as the clinical diagnosis
of depression used in modern psychology and psychiatry.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">The term "melancholia" comes from the Greek words
"melas" (black) and "cholē" (bile) and was associated with
an imbalance of black bile, one of the four humors in ancient Greek medicine.
According to the humoral theory, the human body was believed to be governed by
four fluids or humors (blood, phlegm, yellow bile, and black bile), and an
excess or imbalance of any of these humors was thought to cause various
physical and mental health problems.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Melancholia was considered one of the four temperaments,
along with sanguine, choleric, and phlegmatic, each associated with different
personality traits and physical characteristics. Melancholic individuals were
believed to have an excess of black bile, which was thought to make them prone
to sadness, introspection, and sensitivity.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">While there are some parallels between melancholia and
depression, it's important to note that the ancient Greek understanding of
melancholia was rooted in humoral theory and did not involve the comprehensive
understanding of mental health conditions as recognized today.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">In modern clinical terms, depression is a complex and
multifaceted mood disorder characterized by persistent feelings of sadness,
loss of interest or pleasure in activities, changes in sleep and appetite,
fatigue, feelings of worthlessness or guilt, difficulty concentrating, and
sometimes thoughts of self-harm. Depression is diagnosed based on specific
criteria outlined in standardized diagnostic systems like the Diagnostic and
Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) or the International
Classification of Diseases (ICD).<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">In contrast, melancholia in ancient Greece was a broader
concept, encompassing a range of emotional and behavioral states attributed to
an imbalance of black bile. While both melancholia and depression involve
feelings of profound sadness, their underlying explanations and approaches to
treatment were vastly different due to the cultural and medical contexts in
which they were understood.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b>Hippocrates on Depression<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">The Hippocratic writings, attributed to the ancient Greek
physician Hippocrates (c. 460-370 BCE), provide some insights into how
emotional distress, including what might be considered depression today, was
perceived during that time. While the term "depression" was not
explicitly used, the Hippocratic texts mentioned various mental and emotional
ailments, which offer glimpses into how such conditions were understood and
approached in ancient Greece.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Humoral
Theory: The Hippocratic writings were deeply influenced by the humoral theory,
which posited that health and illness were determined by the balance of four
bodily fluids or humors: blood, phlegm, yellow bile, and black bile. An
imbalance of these humors was believed to cause physical and mental ailments, including
emotional disturbances.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Melancholia:
As discussed earlier, melancholia, which was associated with an excess of black
bile, was considered one of the temperaments in the humoral theory. Melancholic
individuals were thought to be more prone to sadness and sorrow.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Natural
Causes: Hippocratic physicians believed that both physical and mental illnesses
had natural causes, and they focused on understanding the connection between
environmental factors, bodily processes, and health conditions. Emotional disturbances,
including melancholia, were seen as natural responses to certain life events or
imbalances in bodily fluids.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Observation
and Clinical Diagnosis: Hippocratic physicians emphasized the importance of
careful observation and clinical diagnosis. They recognized the importance of
understanding a patient's symptoms, medical history, and environmental factors
to diagnose and treat various conditions.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Holistic
Approach: The Hippocratic approach to medicine was holistic, taking into
account not only physical symptoms but also the mental and emotional aspects of
a patient's health. They viewed the mind and body as interconnected, and
emotional well-being was considered integral to overall health.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Therapeutic
Approaches: The treatment of emotional disturbances in the Hippocratic texts
involved a combination of lifestyle modifications, dietary changes, and herbal
remedies aimed at restoring humoral balance. Therapeutic approaches aimed to
address both the physical and mental aspects of a patient's condition.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b>Plato on Depression<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Plato did not specifically discuss depression as a
clinical diagnosis, as the concept of depression as understood in modern
psychology and medicine did not exist during his time. However, some of Plato's
writings and philosophical ideas touch on themes related to emotional distress
and mental well-being.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">One of the dialogues where Plato explores emotions is
"Phaedrus," in which he discusses the soul and its various aspects.
While not explicitly about depression, this dialogue touches on the impact of
emotions on the human psyche and how emotions can influence one's actions and
behavior.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">In Plato's view, the soul is divided into three parts:
the rational part (associated with reason and intellect), the spirited part
(associated with emotions and desires), and the appetitive part (associated
with basic bodily needs and desires). Plato believed that the ideal soul is one
in which the rational part dominates over the other two parts.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">In this context, Plato mentions the dangers of excessive
emotions, such as sorrow, anger, and pleasure, when they overpower reason. He
warns against succumbing to irrational emotions and advocates for the
cultivation of rationality and self-control to achieve a balanced and virtuous
soul.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">While Plato's writings do not directly address depression
as a mental health condition, his exploration of emotions and the importance of
maintaining emotional balance has philosophical implications that resonate with
modern concepts of mental well-being. His emphasis on reason, self-awareness,
and inner harmony can be seen as principles that contribute to emotional health
and resilience, which are relevant in understanding and addressing various
emotional and psychological challenges, including those related to depression.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b>Aristotle on Depression<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Aristotle, another prominent ancient Greek philosopher
(384-322 BCE), also discussed emotions and the human psyche in his works. While
he did not specifically address depression as a clinical diagnosis, some of his
philosophical ideas touched on aspects related to emotional well-being and
mental states.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Emotional
Virtues: In his ethical work "Nicomachean Ethics," Aristotle
emphasized the concept of "virtue" or "excellence of
character." He discussed emotions, such as anger, fear, and desire, and
suggested that the key to emotional well-being lies in finding the right
balance or "golden mean" between excess and deficiency. For instance,
he considered courage as a virtue that lies between the extremes of
recklessness and cowardice.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Eudaimonia:
Aristotle's ethical theory centered on the pursuit of eudaimonia, often
translated as "happiness" or "flourishing." He argued that
achieving eudaimonia involves living a life of virtue, engaging in rational and
meaningful activities, and fulfilling one's potential. Emotional well-being was
seen as an integral part of attaining this state of flourishing.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Psychological
Faculties: Aristotle described the human soul as having rational, appetitive,
and vegetative faculties. The rational part of the soul was associated with
reason and intellect, and the appetitive part was connected to emotions,
desires, and impulses. Aristotle acknowledged the significance of emotions in
influencing human behavior and believed that emotions could be cultivated and
developed through proper education and training.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Intellectual
Pursuits: Aristotle considered philosophical contemplation and intellectual
pursuits as essential for attaining a higher level of well-being and
fulfillment. Engaging in intellectual activities was seen as a means to elevate
the mind and overcome negative emotions.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b>Treatment<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">In ancient Greece, the understanding and treatment of
emotional distress, including what might be considered depression today, were
quite different from modern clinical approaches. The prevailing medical and
philosophical beliefs of the time heavily influenced the ways in which
emotional disturbances were addressed. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Here are some of the general methods that might have been
employed to treat emotional distress in ancient Greece:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><i>Humoral Balancing<o:p></o:p></i></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">The dominant medical theory in ancient Greece was the
humoral theory, which posited that health and illness were determined by the
balance of bodily fluids or humors (blood, phlegm, yellow bile, and black
bile). To treat emotional disturbances like melancholia, physicians would have
attempted to restore the humoral balance. For instance, if a person was
believed to have an excess of black bile leading to melancholic symptoms,
treatments might have focused on reducing black bile through dietary changes,
herbal remedies, or purging. Here are some methods that might have been
employed to balance the humors:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Dietary
Changes: Physicians would have recommended specific dietary adjustments to help
balance the humors. For melancholy, foods that were believed to reduce black
bile or promote its elimination might have been suggested. Conversely, foods
thought to increase black bile might have been restricted.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Herbal
Remedies: Medicinal herbs and botanical substances were commonly used in
ancient Greek medicine. Herbal remedies might have been prescribed to address
imbalances in bodily fluids, including black bile associated with melancholy.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Purging:
In certain cases, purging methods such as bloodletting or induced vomiting
might have been used to reduce excess black bile. The idea was to remove the
humors believed to be causing the imbalance.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Lifestyle
Modifications: Physicians would have advised patients to make lifestyle changes
to promote overall health and well-being. Engaging in physical activities,
spending time outdoors, and maintaining a balanced lifestyle were considered
important factors in promoting humoral balance.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Fasting
and Dieting: Controlled fasting or specific dietary regimens might have been
recommended to bring about humoral equilibrium. These practices were believed
to restore the body's natural balance and alleviate melancholic symptoms.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Emotional
and Environmental Considerations: Since humoral imbalances were believed to be
influenced by environmental and emotional factors, physicians might have
advised patients to manage stress, avoid excessive emotions, and maintain a
peaceful living environment.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><i>Lifestyle Modifications</i><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Physicians in ancient Greece recognized the importance of
lifestyle factors in health and well-being. Here are some lifestyle
modifications that might have been recommended for individuals experiencing
emotional distress in ancient Greece:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Physical
Activity: Engaging in regular physical activity was valued in ancient Greek
society for its positive impact on overall health. Physical exercises, such as
walking, running, or participating in sports, were believed to promote physical
and mental well-being. Gymnasiums in Ancient Greece were institutions dedicated
to physical and spiritual instruction. Therefore, one discipline was
related to the other.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Spending
Time in Nature: The ancient Greeks appreciated the healing power of nature.
Spending time outdoors, especially in natural settings like gardens or scenic
landscapes, was believed to have a calming and therapeutic effect on the mind.
And sunlight was one of the main keys of the Greek cure for depression.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Social
Interactions: Being part of a supportive community and maintaining social
connections were considered important for emotional well-being. Participating
in social gatherings, discussions, and communal activities provided opportunities
for people to share their feelings and seek support from others.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Balanced
Diet: Diet played a crucial role in ancient Greek medicine. A balanced diet
consisting of fresh fruits, vegetables, grains, and moderate amounts of meat
was believed to contribute to overall health and vitality.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Music
and Art: Music and art were highly valued in ancient Greek culture and were
considered to have therapeutic effects. Listening to music or engaging in
artistic activities, such as painting or sculpting, might have been encouraged
to lift the spirits and alleviate emotional distress.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Philosophical
Contemplation: Philosophical discussions and contemplation of higher truths
were believed to elevate the mind and promote emotional well-being. Engaging in
philosophical pursuits, such as reading philosophical works or participating in
philosophical dialogues, was considered intellectually enriching.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Meditation
and Reflection: The practice of self-reflection and introspection was valued in
ancient Greek society. Taking time for personal reflection and meditation might
have been recommended to gain insights into one's emotions and thoughts.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b><a href="https://www.thegreekherbalist.com/herbalcolumn/medicinalherbsinancientgreece">Herbal
Remedies</a> in Ancient Greece<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Oregano</b> (Latin name: <i>Origanum vulgare
hirtum</i>) is by far the most popular herb in Greece! Among all oregano in the
world, Greek oregano is considered “true oregano” and is the most pungent and
strongest medicinally. The name is derived from the Greek word <i>origanon</i>
meaning "joy of the mountain" (<i>oros </i>"mountain" and
the verb <i>ganousthai </i>"delight in"). In ancient mythology, the
goddess of love Aphrodite planted the herb in her garden on Mt. Olympus to
demonstrate to humans the physical representation of happiness. The herb was
then woven into wedding crowns for newly married couples to ensure a happy
marriage.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in;">Among its many medicinal
benefits, oregano has antioxidant components that boost immunity, kill
bacteria, and increase production of white blood cells, which aids in faster
recovery from illness. It has Omega-3 fatty acids that help rebalance
cholesterol levels, support heart health, and strengthen bones, and is high in
minerals the stimulate the liver’s ability to detox.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Tsai Tou Vounou</b> (<i>Sideritis</i>) is
known as mountain tea because it grows wild throughout the mountainsides of
Greece. In ancient times, it was administered to wounds caused by iron weapons
during battle, and subsequently was also called ironwort. Greek <i>sideritis</i>
is literally translated to “he who is made of iron.” Customarily, the whole
herb is used in an infusion (short boiling time), and can strengthen the immune
system, aid in digestion, and help prevent colds.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Lemon Balm</b> (<i>Melissa officinalis) </i>has
its Latin botanical name because of the honeybees’ love for its aromatic
flowers (<i>melissa</i> is Greek for honeybee). In ancient mythology, the group
of nymphs called <i>melissai </i>were credited as those who discovered honey.
The herb is well known to calm the heart and uplift the spirit during times of
stress, and can support those with anxiety, depression, insomnia, and panic
attacks. It also has strong antiviral properties against herpes and shingles.
Dioscorides mentions its use as a wine-infused liniment in <i>De Materia
Medica. </i><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in;">Lemon balm (<i>Melissa
officinalis</i>) calms the heart and uplifts the spirit.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Bay leaf</b> (<i>Laurus nobilis L.</i>) is
called <i>dafni</i> in Greek in reference to the myth about the god Apollo
pursuing the uninterested nymph Daphne. In response to her pleadings, the gods
granted her protection from Apollo by turning her into a bay tree, and
heartbroken Apollo subsequently symbolized the tree in honor of love-shorn
poets. In ancient Greece and Rome, bay leaves were used to make crowns for
kings, war heroes, and Olympians, and was said to provide protection from
disease and evil spirits. The priestesses at the Temple of Delphi may have
drank high-dose bay leaf tea to induce a trance state and be able to divine the
will of the gods.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in;">Today, bay leaves are added to
foods to improve digestion (such as lentils), made as a tea to help fight colds
and fevers, and used externally to relieve arthritic pain and swelling. It may
also help reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>St. John’s Wort</b> <i>(Hypericum perforatum
L.) </i>was also once believed to protect people from curses and demons.
Hippocrates, Theophrastus, and Dioscorides all wrote about its many therapeutic
applications. The herb is most often used for depression and anxiety, as noted
earlier by its Doctrine of Signatures. Crush its bright yellow flowers and be surprised
when a red dye appears, which when macerated and soaked in olive oil, can be
used externally for inflammation, neuralgic pain, bruises, and swelling. The
red color was likened to blood and thought to indicate its wound healing
properties. Given its antiviral properties, it also helps healing from shingles
and herpes (and taken together with lemon balm can provide a more profound
healing effect).<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Mastic tree </b><i>(Pistacia lentiscus) </i>produces
the mastiha resin that has been harvested for at least 3,000 years exclusively
on the island of Chios. Hippocrates recommended mastic for the prevention of
digestive problems and colds and to maintain oral health. It was also used as a
remedy to heal wounds, including snake bites, and improve the condition of the
blood. Mastic contains powerful antioxidants and has anti-inflammatory,
antibacterial, and antifungal properties, making it a trifecta of powerful
healing qualities. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Sage </b><i>(Salvia officinalis) </i>is
derived from the Latin word “to heal” and was the symbol of fertility, good
health, and a long life. The ancient Greeks, believing that sage protected one
from evil and conferred wisdom, used it to enhance mental abilities and in
sacred gatherings. It was drunk as tea to increase fertility and improve
digestion, and applied externally to treat venomous snake bites (a seemingly
common problem in ancient Greece). Dioscorides recommended sage wine for
“disorders of the kidneys, bladder and sides, as well as for … coughs, hernias,
bruises, and impeded menstrual flow.” Sage continues to be an antiseptic and
natural digestive, and excellent for its antidiabetic action.<o:p></o:p></p>Michael Pekkerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00719697048984156330noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7117914696834537995.post-814190750514962972023-07-24T23:35:00.002-07:002023-07-24T23:35:25.657-07:00How Depression was Treated in Ancient Egypt?<p> </p><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b>Views on Depression<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">In ancient Egypt, mental health conditions, including
what we might now refer to as depression, were understood and approached
differently from modern perspectives. While there is evidence of emotional
distress and psychological suffering in ancient Egyptian texts and artwork,
their understanding of mental health was shaped by their cultural and religious
beliefs.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Supernatural
Causes: Ancient Egyptians often attributed various illnesses, including mental
health conditions, to supernatural causes. They believed that both physical and
mental ailments could be caused by the displeasure of gods, evil spirits, or
malevolent forces. As a result, treatments for mental health issues often
involved religious rituals, prayers, and offerings to appease the gods or ward
off malevolent entities.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Magic
and Healing Rituals: Magic played a significant role in ancient Egyptian
culture, and magical spells and rituals were believed to have the power to heal
various illnesses, including psychological distress. Magical texts, known as
"magical papyri," contained spells and incantations that could be
used to address mental health issues.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Humoral
Theory: Like many ancient civilizations, the ancient Egyptians adhered to the
humoral theory of medicine, which posited that the body's health was determined
by the balance of four bodily fluids or "humors": blood, phlegm,
yellow bile, and black bile. Mental and physical health problems were often
attributed to imbalances in these humors.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Dreams
and Dream Interpretation: Dreams were considered significant in ancient
Egyptian culture and were believed to convey messages from the divine realm.
The interpretation of dreams played a role in diagnosing and treating mental
health conditions. Temples sometimes had specialized "Dream Books" or
priests skilled in dream interpretation.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Herbal
Remedies and Therapies: The ancient Egyptians had a rich knowledge of medicinal
plants and herbal remedies. Herbal treatments were used to address a wide range
of ailments, including mental health conditions. Certain herbs were believed to
have calming or mood-enhancing effects.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEii9Llw22l0Co2pdUcoKsb3KFal5TditqvE-78o8Sd6QX_m4M84gTT2XRfS5srSsAikkvoOPk1xdQFtCK9sd6tvcN9AEMAOL1U5Cz4TtgSbZLR2XPZlSfehnLc_PfJ1FfU4_5EbUFv81_eo3AG6jirc0p5o-jLJ0w_bN5ftJZsPKqkcbNCZfXD1cHs_/s382/20120216-health%20Migraine_Therapy.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="382" data-original-width="287" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEii9Llw22l0Co2pdUcoKsb3KFal5TditqvE-78o8Sd6QX_m4M84gTT2XRfS5srSsAikkvoOPk1xdQFtCK9sd6tvcN9AEMAOL1U5Cz4TtgSbZLR2XPZlSfehnLc_PfJ1FfU4_5EbUFv81_eo3AG6jirc0p5o-jLJ0w_bN5ftJZsPKqkcbNCZfXD1cHs_/w300-h400/20120216-health%20Migraine_Therapy.png" width="300" /></a></div><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><br /></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b>Diagnostics<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">In ancient Egypt, there is limited direct evidence of
formal diagnostic criteria or medical texts specifically dedicated to mental
health conditions, including depression, as we understand it today. The ancient
Egyptians did not have a comprehensive system of psychiatric diagnosis like the
modern classification systems used in contemporary medicine.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">However, some indirect clues and references in ancient
Egyptian texts and artwork suggest that emotional distress and psychological
suffering were recognized and acknowledged in their society. Here are some
possible indicators of depression diagnostics in ancient Egypt:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Narratives
and Literature: Some ancient Egyptian texts, such as poems, prayers, and
lamentations, depict individuals expressing feelings of sadness, grief, and
despair. These emotional expressions can be interpreted as indicative of
depressive symptoms.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Dream
Interpretation: Dreams were considered significant in ancient Egyptian culture,
and they were sometimes interpreted as messages from the divine realm. Certain
types of dreams might have been associated with emotional distress, which could
be seen as potential indicators of depression.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Art
and Symbolism: Ancient Egyptian art often depicted individuals in various
emotional states, including those that might be associated with depression,
such as mourning, isolation, or sorrow.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Magical
Papyri: The ancient Egyptians had magical texts (magical papyri) that contained
spells and incantations for healing purposes. While these texts did not
necessarily provide systematic diagnoses, they suggest that the ancient Egyptians
believed in the use of magical rituals to address physical and mental ailments.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Physical
Symptoms: Some medical papyri do mention symptoms that could be associated with
depression, such as sleep disturbances, loss of appetite, and fatigue. However,
these symptoms were often attributed to imbalances in bodily humors rather than
being recognized as symptoms of a specific mental health condition.<o:p></o:p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwIrzrsX-5kE5OKJyjzJWBFRtj3L2psS9zwee0pLv0LWomsm7K65wtjyrbwelByba64sYLGtBAw-LK5y4wGAFLHBgk32246bXwli_ez-Qf0Ik3sQ3axY8C0Kq5DXFLgeyoMeZoqTxg_-8c17EAaphpAGAEQv9EtxeB9neyhWWL26cOgOJeEqn615mB/s747/tumblr_inline_pcf2h4VKQ41rk551k_1280.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="396" data-original-width="747" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwIrzrsX-5kE5OKJyjzJWBFRtj3L2psS9zwee0pLv0LWomsm7K65wtjyrbwelByba64sYLGtBAw-LK5y4wGAFLHBgk32246bXwli_ez-Qf0Ik3sQ3axY8C0Kq5DXFLgeyoMeZoqTxg_-8c17EAaphpAGAEQv9EtxeB9neyhWWL26cOgOJeEqn615mB/w400-h213/tumblr_inline_pcf2h4VKQ41rk551k_1280.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><br /></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b>Treatment<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">While there is limited information specifically about the
treatment of depression in ancient Egyptian texts, some general practices and
beliefs may have been applied to address emotional distress and psychological
suffering. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Religious and Magic Rituals:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Offerings and Prayers to Deities: Egyptians
believed in a pantheon of gods and goddesses who were associated with various
aspects of life. Individuals experiencing emotional distress might have sought
help from specific deities associated with healing and emotional well-being.
Offerings, prayers, and invocations to these deities were common practices to
seek their assistance and favor.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Temples and Sacred Spaces: Temples were
considered sacred places of healing and spiritual connection. People
experiencing emotional difficulties might have visited temples dedicated to
healing deities and sought divine intervention through rituals and ceremonies
performed by temple priests.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Dream Incubation: Dream incubation was a
practice in which individuals sought guidance or healing by sleeping in temples
or sacred spaces to receive messages from the divine realm. Dreams were
believed to carry significant messages, and interpretation by temple priests
could offer insights into the person's emotional state and potential remedies.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Magical Spells and Incantations: Magical texts
and spells were believed to have the power to heal and protect individuals.
Magical papyri contained various spells, charms, and incantations that were
used for different purposes, including healing and well-being. Specific spells
might have been recited to address emotional distress and lift one's spirits.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Ritual Purification: Ritual purification was a
common practice in ancient Egyptian religion. Cleansing rituals, such as
bathing, anointing with oils, or using scented substances, were believed to
purify individuals and remove negative influences.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Amulets and Talismans: Amulets and talismans
were worn or carried by individuals as protective charms against various
negative influences, including mental distress. Certain amulets might have been
believed to have calming or protective properties.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Singing and Music: Music and singing were
significant aspects of ancient Egyptian religious rituals and ceremonies. It is
possible that certain melodies and chants were used to invoke positive emotions
and soothe emotional distress.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Dream Incubation: Dream incubation was a
practice in which individuals sought guidance or healing by sleeping in temples
or sacred spaces to receive divine messages in their dreams. Temples often had
dedicated "Dream Books" or priests skilled in dream interpretation,
which might have been used to provide insights into the person's emotional
state and potential remedies. The process of dream incubation generally
involved the following steps:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Preparation: The individual seeking guidance or
healing would prepare for the dream incubation ritual. This might involve
rituals of purification, fasting, or engaging in specific prayers or
invocations to invoke the help of deities associated with healing or emotional
well-being.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Sleeping in Sacred Spaces: The individual would
sleep in a designated area of a temple or sacred space, often near a statue or
representation of a healing deity. Sacred animals, such as cats or snakes,
might also be present as they were believed to possess spiritual significance
and healing powers.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Invoking the Divine: Before sleeping, the individual
would make specific requests to the deity, seeking guidance, healing, or
answers to their concerns. These requests were often made through prayers,
spoken invocations, or written messages left at the sacred site.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Dream Interpretation: After waking, the dreamer
would recall and recount their dreams to temple priests or dream interpreters.
These individuals were skilled in deciphering the messages conveyed in dreams
and could provide insights and advice based on the dream's symbolism and
content.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Action or Follow-up: Depending on the dream's
content and interpretation, the dreamer might be advised to take certain
actions, such as specific rituals, offerings, or lifestyle changes, to address
their concerns or seek healing.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->In ancient Egypt, herbal remedies were an
essential part of their medical practices for a wide range of ailments,
including emotional distress. While there is no direct evidence of specific
herbal remedies dedicated to treating depression as we understand it today,
some plants were believed to have calming or mood-enhancing properties that
might have been used to alleviate emotional suffering. It's important to note
that ancient Egyptian medicine was based on their cultural and religious
beliefs, and their understanding of mental health differed from modern medical
concepts. Here are some plants that might have been used in ancient Egypt for
their potential calming effects:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Lavender (Lavandula spp.): Lavender is known for
its pleasant fragrance, and it has been traditionally used for relaxation and
stress relief. In ancient Egypt, lavender might have been used in aromatic
preparations or as an ingredient in herbal baths to promote relaxation.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla): Chamomile is
another herb known for its calming properties and was used in ancient Egypt for
various medicinal purposes. It might have been used in teas or tinctures to
promote relaxation and soothe nervousness.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Mint (Mentha spp.): Mint is often associated
with refreshing and invigorating properties. In ancient Egypt, mint might have
been used in aromatic oils or as an ingredient in herbal concoctions to provide
a sense of comfort and ease.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Hops (Humulus lupulus): Hops were known in
ancient Egypt and were sometimes used for their sedative effects. They might
have been used in sleep aids or preparations to help individuals with sleep
disturbances.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Valerian (Valeriana officinalis): Valerian is
known for its potential sedative effects and was used in various traditional
medicines. It might have been used in ancient Egypt to help calm nerves and
promote relaxation.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Frankincense (Boswellia spp.): Frankincense was
highly valued in ancient Egypt for its aromatic and spiritual significance. It
might have been used in incense or as an ingredient in aromatic oils during
rituals that sought to alleviate emotional distress.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><o:p> </o:p></p>Michael Pekkerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00719697048984156330noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7117914696834537995.post-88529661638694667132023-07-19T20:52:00.000-07:002023-07-19T20:52:00.932-07:00Stigma Associated with Childhood Depression and its Effects on Mental Health<p> </p><p class="MsoNoSpacing">Stigma associated with childhood depression is a
significant concern that can have detrimental effects on a child's mental
health and overall well-being. Stigma refers to negative attitudes, beliefs,
stereotypes, and discrimination directed toward individuals who have a
particular characteristic or condition, in this case, children with depression.
This stigma can arise from various sources, including peers, family members,
educators, and even within the healthcare system.<o:p></o:p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCP9UXjE5q2s50BKYTmZIz3wYyAC5Jej2zgNU2NKNDUsYzK8Vlq32667dHR9Ft5jzCMAj7jKwsuWydyFlDY07at3WL6bWejoxOq_UR3iKQVfVl1mU1KjxDBEFWm2ufk3pgD_WkA-PPO7roaOJo53cVxT2FHa-0GfdSXD8wA_dpdu6aGL6E1XUTzDDr/s734/Pediatric-Depression-blog_1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="489" data-original-width="734" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCP9UXjE5q2s50BKYTmZIz3wYyAC5Jej2zgNU2NKNDUsYzK8Vlq32667dHR9Ft5jzCMAj7jKwsuWydyFlDY07at3WL6bWejoxOq_UR3iKQVfVl1mU1KjxDBEFWm2ufk3pgD_WkA-PPO7roaOJo53cVxT2FHa-0GfdSXD8wA_dpdu6aGL6E1XUTzDDr/w400-h266/Pediatric-Depression-blog_1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><br /></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b>Effects<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Stigma associated with childhood depression can be
particularly harmful. Children with depression may feel ashamed and
embarrassed, which can lead to social isolation and further negative effects on
mental health.<br />
Stigma can also prevent parents from seeking help for their child's depression,
leading to delayed treatment and negative consequences.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Here are some ways in which stigma can affect childhood
depression and mental health:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Delayed
or Inadequate Treatment:</b> Stigma can prevent parents, caregivers, and even
healthcare professionals from recognizing the signs of depression in children
or seeking appropriate help. Fear of judgment or labeling may lead to delayed
or inadequate treatment, which can worsen the child's condition and impair
their ability to cope with their emotions.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Social
Isolation:</b> Stigma can lead to social isolation for children with
depression. They may be ostracized or avoided by peers and friends due to
misconceptions about mental health conditions. This isolation can exacerbate
feelings of loneliness and contribute to a sense of being different or
unworthy.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Internalized
Stigma:</b> Children experiencing depression may internalize the negative
beliefs and attitudes associated with mental health conditions. This
self-stigma can lead to feelings of shame, low self-esteem, and a reluctance to
seek help or talk about their feelings.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Impact
on Academic Performance:</b> Childhood depression can affect a child's academic
performance due to difficulties in concentrating, lack of motivation, and
absenteeism. Stigma-related stress and fear of being judged can further hinder
their ability to focus and succeed in school.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Barriers
to Seeking Help:</b> Stigma can create significant barriers to seeking help for
both children and their families. The fear of being judged or labeled as
"weak" or "flawed" can prevent individuals from reaching
out for professional support, leading to a lack of early intervention and
appropriate treatment.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Negative
Coping Mechanisms:</b> Stigmatization and the internalization of negative
beliefs can lead children with depression to engage in unhealthy coping
mechanisms. They may turn to substance abuse, self-harm, or other risky
behaviors as a way to manage their distress, which can further worsen their mental
health.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Limited
Support Systems:</b> Stigma can impact a child's support system, as some
friends and family members may distance themselves or lack understanding about
the challenges of living with depression. This lack of support can further
isolate the child and hinder their recovery process.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Addressing stigma associated with childhood depression is
crucial to promote better mental health outcomes for affected children.
Creating awareness, education, and empathy around mental health conditions can
help challenge misconceptions and reduce stigma. Encouraging open discussions
and providing a supportive environment can make it easier for children to seek
help and talk about their feelings without fear of judgment.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Early intervention, access to mental health services, and
destigmatizing conversations around mental health can contribute to better
outcomes for children living with depression and help foster a more
compassionate and understanding society.<o:p></o:p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiln02jJ1zVf038V5g1f3qDb-3RUIAY-Rml2_8J0obxsOvmyAZclbNGzyxznPCCOg5h_8LTShZ19SuncBFlwOVhN_cuDw6T-8Pnnox1kyoJvMIt41nMaxaD5OdGJC71l7obLCBJ3ybvvPoLVzKUSvz2q8pBFksL1JhUKkF4xA3uAOHoZ1vg0qmZVt__/s1200/upset-child-copy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="788" data-original-width="1200" height="263" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiln02jJ1zVf038V5g1f3qDb-3RUIAY-Rml2_8J0obxsOvmyAZclbNGzyxznPCCOg5h_8LTShZ19SuncBFlwOVhN_cuDw6T-8Pnnox1kyoJvMIt41nMaxaD5OdGJC71l7obLCBJ3ybvvPoLVzKUSvz2q8pBFksL1JhUKkF4xA3uAOHoZ1vg0qmZVt__/w400-h263/upset-child-copy.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><br /></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b>Combat Stigma</b></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing">
It's essential to combat stigma and promote mental health. Here are some ways
to do so:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]-->Educate yourself: Educate yourself about
childhood depression and its symptoms to reduce the stigma and promote
understanding.<b><o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]-->Speak out: Speak out against stigma and
discrimination towards mental health.<b><o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]-->Get involved: Get involved in mental health
advocacy and support organizations.<b><o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">By promoting understanding and taking action against
stigma, we can create a more accepting and supportive environment for children
and families affected by childhood depression. Childhood depression can be a
challenging and overwhelming experience for children and families. However,
with the right support and treatment, it is a treatable condition. By
understanding the symptoms, causes, and effective treatment strategies for
childhood depression, parents, educators, and healthcare providers can play a
crucial role in promoting the emotional well-being of children. With the right
care and support, children with depression can recover, build resilience, and
lead fulfilling lives.<b><o:p></o:p></b></p>Michael Pekkerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00719697048984156330noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7117914696834537995.post-76789760570312864672023-06-28T22:19:00.000-07:002023-06-28T22:19:06.062-07:0015 Recommendations for Parents of Children with Depression<p> </p><p class="MsoNoSpacing">Being a parent of a child with depression can be
challenging and heart-wrenching. It is essential to remember that you are not
alone, and there are ways to help your child cope. It's important to approach
the situation with sensitivity and seek professional help if needed. </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimswGGI7gnFle44X-z2y43LL97wvjiatvzv9OPPeyr7qitpgA7mECsNBNj0JGb1pLob_Gm-ZafE8WnugLVqpmKeaOgQB-h3W5lSVpWm5X4tqOw7D28XOJ0_BVuiA3vKhF0SyQmeN7SlT8Zcg1P9VO0L0NCo_vjT6xVlwChwDktSgpPitMRKZyKggtT/s3696/childhood_depression_symptoms_tips_treatment.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2448" data-original-width="3696" height="265" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimswGGI7gnFle44X-z2y43LL97wvjiatvzv9OPPeyr7qitpgA7mECsNBNj0JGb1pLob_Gm-ZafE8WnugLVqpmKeaOgQB-h3W5lSVpWm5X4tqOw7D28XOJ0_BVuiA3vKhF0SyQmeN7SlT8Zcg1P9VO0L0NCo_vjT6xVlwChwDktSgpPitMRKZyKggtT/w400-h265/childhood_depression_symptoms_tips_treatment.jpeg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><p class="MsoNoSpacing">Here are
some suggestions that may be helpful:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Open
communication: Create a safe and non-judgmental space for your child to express
their feelings. Encourage them to talk about what they're experiencing and
actively listen without trying to solve their problems immediately.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Be
aware of warning signs: Familiarize yourself with the warning signs of
worsening depression or thoughts of self-harm, such as withdrawal from
activities, changes in sleep or appetite, increased irritability, or talk of
hopelessness. If you notice any concerning signs, seek immediate professional
help or contact a helpline for guidance.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Validate
their feelings: Let your child know that it's okay to feel the way they do and
that their emotions are valid. Avoid dismissing or trivializing their
struggles. Offer empathy and understanding.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Seek
professional help: Consult with a mental health professional, such as a therapist
or counselor, who specializes in working with children and adolescents. They
can provide an accurate diagnosis, develop a treatment plan, and offer
appropriate support.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Encourage
healthy habits: Help your child establish a routine that includes regular
sleep, nutritious meals, exercise, and social activities. Physical well-being
can have a positive impact on mental health.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Foster
a supportive environment: Create a nurturing atmosphere at home where your
child feels loved, supported, and accepted. Encourage family members to be
understanding and patient.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Be
involved: Show interest in your child's life and activities. Engage in
activities together that they enjoy, and encourage them to participate in
hobbies or interests that promote positive emotions.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Involve
the school: Inform your child's teachers, school counselors, or any other
relevant staff members about their condition. Request their understanding and
support in creating a conducive learning environment. Collaborate with the
school to develop a plan for accommodations or additional resources if
necessary.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">9.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Monitor
and address bullying: Keep an eye out for signs of bullying or social
isolation, as these can contribute to depression. If you suspect bullying,
address it promptly by informing school authorities and working together to
ensure your child's safety and well-being.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">10.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Monitor
screen time and social media use: Excessive screen time and negative social
media experiences can contribute to feelings of isolation and worsen
depression. Set healthy boundaries and encourage offline activities and
face-to-face interactions.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">11.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Teach
coping skills: Help your child develop healthy coping mechanisms to manage
their emotions. This can include relaxation techniques, deep breathing
exercises, journaling, or engaging in creative outlets such as art or music.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">12.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Offer
encouragement and praise: Celebrate your child's achievements, no matter how
small. Recognize their efforts in managing their depression, attending therapy
sessions, or trying new coping strategies. Positive reinforcement can boost
their self-esteem and motivation.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">13.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Encourage
social support: Support your child in building a network of friends and
positive relationships. Encourage them to reach out to trusted friends,
participate in group activities, or join support groups for young people
experiencing similar challenges.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">14.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Be
patient and understanding: Recovery from depression takes time. It's essential
to remain patient, supportive, and understanding throughout the process.
Celebrate small victories and acknowledge their progress.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">15.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Be
a role model: Show your child healthy ways to manage stress and emotions by
practicing self-care yourself. Lead by example by engaging in activities that
promote your own mental well-being, seeking support when needed, and
effectively coping with challenges.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Remember, it's crucial to consult with a mental health
professional who can provide personalized guidance and develop an appropriate
treatment plan for your child. They will have the expertise to navigate through
this difficult period and help your child on their journey to recovery.<o:p></o:p></p>Michael Pekkerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00719697048984156330noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7117914696834537995.post-5153174366817471352023-06-24T22:27:00.000-07:002023-06-24T22:27:05.074-07:00Medications for Depression in Children<p> </p><p class="MsoNoSpacing">Antidepressant medications, such as selective serotonin
reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), can be effective in treating childhood depression.
However, medication is typically considered a secondary treatment option, and
psychotherapy is the first line of treatment. Additionally, alternative
therapies, such as art therapy and yoga, can be beneficial in managing symptoms
of childhood depression.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">It's important to note that the use of antidepressant
medication in children and adolescents is a complex decision that requires
careful consideration and monitoring by a healthcare professional. SSRIs may
have potential side effects, and their use should be closely supervised by a
qualified healthcare provider.<o:p></o:p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirKE6foUS_sHUZCu1Sp2CTsh2nUgOEPxVX53HljY8QPB6Kqr6Ap-Io6vzzVf50MYH2lGfWti3iaLr_s6bX8w-qTHVSO8DtHgvRISX17xpnbIoezTAqItzJoWnpLy00OWzZPXuInKC202jyitOpPRL2p-HHgB8pqVMupPjwPVmAyBRDKzwf6ZEQMxId/s1500/GettyImages-164413895-56a258cb5f9b58b7d0c9336c.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1074" data-original-width="1500" height="286" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirKE6foUS_sHUZCu1Sp2CTsh2nUgOEPxVX53HljY8QPB6Kqr6Ap-Io6vzzVf50MYH2lGfWti3iaLr_s6bX8w-qTHVSO8DtHgvRISX17xpnbIoezTAqItzJoWnpLy00OWzZPXuInKC202jyitOpPRL2p-HHgB8pqVMupPjwPVmAyBRDKzwf6ZEQMxId/w400-h286/GettyImages-164413895-56a258cb5f9b58b7d0c9336c.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><br /></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b>SSRIs<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are a
class of antidepressant medications that are sometimes prescribed for childhood
depression. However, the use of SSRIs in children and adolescents is a complex
decision that should be made by a qualified healthcare professional. Here are
some key points to consider:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->FDA
Approval: The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved fluoxetine
(Prozac) for the treatment of depression in children aged 8 and older. Other
SSRIs, such as sertraline (Zoloft) and escitalopram (Lexapro), are approved for
the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in children and
adolescents, but they may also be used off-label for depression.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Efficacy:
Research studies have shown that SSRIs can be effective in treating childhood
depression. However, the response to medication varies from individual to
individual, and not all children will benefit from SSRIs. It's important to
closely monitor the child's symptoms and response to treatment.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Side
Effects: Like any medication, SSRIs can have side effects. Common side effects
may include nausea, diarrhea, headaches, sleep disturbances, and changes in
appetite. In rare cases, SSRIs may increase the risk of suicidal thoughts or
behaviors, particularly in the early stages of treatment. This is why close
monitoring and regular follow-ups with a healthcare professional are essential.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Benefits
vs. Risks: When considering SSRIs for childhood depression, healthcare professionals
weigh the potential benefits of the medication against the potential risks.
They consider the severity of the child's symptoms, the impact on daily
functioning, and the potential for non-pharmacological interventions, such as
psychotherapy.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b>SNRIs<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">SNRIs, or serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors,
are another class of antidepressant medications that are sometimes used in the
treatment of depression. While there is limited research specifically on the
use of SNRIs in children with depression, they may be considered as an
alternative to SSRIs in certain cases. However, it's important to note that the
use of SNRIs or any other antidepressant medication in children should be
carefully evaluated and prescribed by a qualified healthcare professional.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Venlafaxine (Effexor) is an example of an SNRI that is
sometimes used to treat depression in children and adolescents. It works by
increasing the levels of both serotonin and norepinephrine in the brain, which
can help alleviate depressive symptoms. However, similar to SSRIs, the use of
SNRIs in children requires close monitoring for potential side effects and a
careful assessment of the risks and benefits.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b>Tricyclic<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) are another class of
antidepressant medications that have been used in the past for treating
depression, including in children. However, their use in pediatric populations
has become less common due to the availability of newer antidepressant options
with better safety profiles, such as SSRIs.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">TCAs work by affecting the levels of neurotransmitters
like serotonin and norepinephrine in the brain. Examples of TCAs include
amitriptyline, imipramine, and nortriptyline. These medications can be
effective in treating depression, but they also carry a higher risk of side
effects compared to newer antidepressants.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">In the case of childhood depression, healthcare
professionals typically consider other treatment options before resorting to
TCAs. This is because TCAs can have more significant side effects, including
sedation, weight gain, dry mouth, constipation, and potential cardiac effects,
such as changes in heart rhythm.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b>Tetracyclic<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Tetracyclic antidepressants (TeCAs) are a class of
antidepressant medications that are structurally similar to TCAs but have a
slightly different chemical structure. Mirtazapine is the most commonly
prescribed TeCA.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">While there is limited research specifically on the use
of TeCAs in children with depression, mirtazapine may be considered as an
alternative treatment option in certain cases. It works by affecting the levels
of serotonin and norepinephrine in the brain, similar to other antidepressants.
Mirtazapine is known for its sedating and appetite-stimulating properties,
which can be beneficial for individuals experiencing sleep difficulties or
weight loss associated with depression.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b>MAOIs<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are a class of
antidepressant medications that are rarely prescribed for children and
adolescents due to their potential side effects and interactions with certain
foods and medications. MAOIs work by blocking the activity of an enzyme called
monoamine oxidase, which leads to increased levels of certain neurotransmitters
in the brain.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">While there is limited research specifically on the use
of MAOIs in children with depression, they may be considered as a treatment
option in certain cases when other medications have not been effective or
well-tolerated. However, the use of MAOIs in children requires close monitoring
and supervision by a qualified healthcare professional.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">MAOIs have several dietary and medication restrictions
that can pose significant risks if not followed strictly. They can interact
with certain foods and beverages, particularly those containing high levels of
tyramine, leading to a potentially dangerous increase in blood pressure.
Medications, including over-the-counter drugs and certain other
antidepressants, can also interact adversely with MAOIs and cause serious side
effects.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Due to these risks and complexities, the use of MAOIs in
children is generally reserved for cases that have not responded to other
treatments and when the potential benefits outweigh the risks. A healthcare
professional, such as a pediatrician or child psychiatrist, will carefully
evaluate the child's condition, consider the potential risks and benefits, and
closely monitor the child's response to treatment.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b>NMDA<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptor antagonists, such as
ketamine, have shown promise as a potential treatment for depression in adults,
including treatment-resistant depression. However, the use of NMDA receptor
antagonists for depression in children is an area that requires further
research and is not yet well-established.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Ketamine, in particular, has been studied in adolescents
and shown some positive results in improving depressive symptoms. However, it
is important to note that ketamine is typically used in a controlled setting,
such as in a clinic or hospital, and administered by a healthcare professional.
The long-term safety and efficacy of ketamine and other NMDA receptor
antagonists in children are still being investigated.<o:p></o:p></p>Michael Pekkerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00719697048984156330noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7117914696834537995.post-21330602650704355642023-06-18T17:53:00.002-07:002023-06-18T17:53:14.314-07:00Treating children who have bipolar disorder<p> </p><p class="MsoNoSpacing">Treating children with bipolar disorder requires a
comprehensive approach that involves medical, therapeutic, and psychosocial
interventions. It's important to note that I'm an AI language model and not a
medical professional, so I can provide general information but it's always best
to consult with a qualified healthcare provider for personalized advice. Here
are some common approaches to treating children with bipolar disorder:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Medication:
Medications are often prescribed to help manage symptoms of bipolar disorder in
children. The medications used to treat bipolar disorder in children are
generally similar to those used in adults, but dosages and treatment approaches
may vary based on the child's age and individual needs.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Here are a few medications that are sometimes
prescribed for children with bipolar disorder:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Mood stabilizers: These medications are the
primary treatment for bipolar disorder. Examples include lithium, valproate
(divalproex or sodium valproate), and carbamazepine. Mood stabilizers help
control manic and hypomanic episodes and prevent mood swings.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Atypical antipsychotics: Medications like
risperidone, aripiprazole, and olanzapine may be prescribed to manage symptoms
of mania, aggression, and psychosis in children with bipolar disorder. These
medications help stabilize mood and reduce the intensity of manic symptoms.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Antidepressants: In some cases, antidepressants
may be prescribed to help alleviate symptoms of depression that can occur in
bipolar disorder. However, their use in children is more cautious due to the
risk of triggering manic episodes. If an antidepressant is used, it is usually
combined with a mood stabilizer.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Stimulants: Stimulant medications like
methylphenidate or amphetamines are sometimes prescribed for children with
bipolar disorder who also have attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
However, their use requires careful monitoring, as they can potentially trigger
or worsen manic symptoms.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwTga8MHnEWNyYd1To7rBmxckiLZCFlEkCwNsH_rOnN8B7uZvQLQ82NUVdYIN8B20wtTuSEHy-FacKMy5ghX9GhDw8FacLvGOrgBcf5ktLhol-0_LQJkM8OS0ayYxtyj14XD6yQ7le0sXpDgDfAEhVHz7RB9ip8Q_-zKFR-NUT9xEyKH3sgDubFg/s468/mother-consoling-dejected-daughter.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="220" data-original-width="468" height="188" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwTga8MHnEWNyYd1To7rBmxckiLZCFlEkCwNsH_rOnN8B7uZvQLQ82NUVdYIN8B20wtTuSEHy-FacKMy5ghX9GhDw8FacLvGOrgBcf5ktLhol-0_LQJkM8OS0ayYxtyj14XD6yQ7le0sXpDgDfAEhVHz7RB9ip8Q_-zKFR-NUT9xEyKH3sgDubFg/w400-h188/mother-consoling-dejected-daughter.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;"><br /></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Therapy:
Psychotherapy plays a crucial role in the treatment of bipolar disorder in
children. When it comes to therapy for children with bipolar disorder, several
approaches can be beneficial in conjunction with medication. Here are some
commonly used therapies:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT): CBT is a
widely used therapeutic approach that helps individuals identify and change
negative thought patterns and behaviors. In children with bipolar disorder, CBT
can assist in managing symptoms, improving coping skills, and developing
strategies to regulate mood and prevent relapses.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Family-focused therapy: This type of therapy
involves the whole family in treatment. It aims to educate family members about
bipolar disorder, improve communication and problem-solving skills, and
establish a supportive and structured environment at home. Family-focused
therapy can be particularly effective in helping parents and caregivers
understand and manage their child's symptoms.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Interpersonal and social rhythm therapy (IPSRT):
IPSRT focuses on establishing and maintaining regular daily routines and stable
social rhythms. It helps children with bipolar disorder manage disruptions to
sleep, meals, and activities, which can contribute to mood instability. By
promoting stability and consistency, IPSRT aims to reduce the frequency and
severity of mood episodes.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in;">It's important to involve a
qualified mental health professional who specializes in working with children
and adolescents with bipolar disorder. They can assess your child's specific
needs and tailor the therapy approach accordingly. Treatment plans are
typically individualized to address the unique challenges and strengths of each
child, considering their age, developmental stage, and specific symptoms.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Education
and support: It's important to educate both the child and their family about
bipolar disorder. Understanding the condition and its management can help them
cope with challenges and make informed decisions. Here are some key aspects of
education and support for children with bipolar disorder:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Psychoeducation: Providing education about
bipolar disorder is essential for children and their families. This involves
teaching them about the symptoms, causes, and treatment options for bipolar
disorder. Psychoeducation helps individuals understand the nature of the
illness, recognize warning signs of mood episodes, and learn strategies for
self-care and managing the condition. It can also address any misconceptions
and reduce stigma.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Support groups: Support groups can be valuable
for both children and their families. These groups offer a safe space for
sharing experiences, connecting with others who understand the challenges of
living with bipolar disorder, and gaining emotional support. Support groups can
be found through mental health organizations, community centers, or online
platforms.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Individual therapy: Individual therapy provides
a one-on-one setting for children to explore their thoughts, feelings, and
experiences related to bipolar disorder. A therapist can help them develop
coping strategies, enhance self-esteem, and navigate the emotional ups and
downs associated with the condition. Therapy also offers a space for children
to discuss any concerns or difficulties they may be facing.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->School support: Collaborating with teachers,
school counselors, and administrators is essential to ensure that children with
bipolar disorder receive appropriate support in the educational setting. This
may involve creating an Individualized Education Program (IEP) or a Section 504
Plan to address specific academic and emotional needs. Regular communication with
the school can help identify potential triggers and implement strategies to
promote a positive learning environment.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Parent and caregiver support: Supporting parents
and caregivers is crucial because they play a vital role in the well-being of
children with bipolar disorder. Providing resources, support groups, and
parenting skills training can help parents better understand the condition,
manage challenging behaviors, and implement effective strategies at home.
Caregivers may also benefit from self-care strategies to prevent burnout and
maintain their own mental well-being.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Community resources: Connecting with community
resources such as mental health organizations, advocacy groups, and online
forums can provide additional information and support. These resources may
offer educational materials, workshops, webinars, and other opportunities to
learn from experts and interact with others going through similar experiences.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Lifestyle
adjustments: Encouraging a healthy lifestyle is beneficial for children with
bipolar disorder. Here are some lifestyle modifications that can be helpful:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Establish a regular routine: Creating a
structured daily routine can provide stability and help regulate mood in
children with bipolar disorder. Consistent sleep patterns, mealtimes, and
activities can help maintain stability and reduce the risk of triggering mood
episodes.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Promote healthy sleep habits: Adequate sleep is
crucial for children with bipolar disorder. Encourage a regular sleep schedule
and create a calming bedtime routine. Minimize exposure to stimulating
activities, screens, and caffeine before bedtime. If sleep disturbances
persist, consult with a healthcare professional for further guidance.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Encourage physical activity: Regular exercise
can be beneficial for managing bipolar disorder symptoms. Encourage your child
to engage in age-appropriate physical activities they enjoy, such as sports,
dancing, or outdoor play. Exercise can help improve mood, reduce anxiety, and
promote overall well-being.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Maintain a balanced diet: A nutritious and
well-balanced diet is important for overall health and can help support stable
mood. Encourage your child to eat a variety of fruits, vegetables, whole
grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats. Limit sugary and processed foods, as
they can contribute to mood swings and energy fluctuations.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Minimize stress: Stress can exacerbate symptoms
of bipolar disorder. Help your child identify stress triggers and teach them
healthy coping mechanisms such as deep breathing exercises, relaxation
techniques, and engaging in activities they find calming or enjoyable.
Encourage open communication and provide a supportive environment where they
feel comfortable expressing their emotions.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Limit substance use: Substance abuse can worsen
symptoms and interfere with the effectiveness of medications for bipolar disorder.
Educate your child about the risks associated with substance use and provide
guidance on making healthy choices.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Foster social support: Encourage your child to
maintain healthy relationships and engage in activities with friends and family
members. Social support can provide emotional well-being and a sense of
belonging. Encourage participation in age-appropriate social activities and
hobbies that promote positive interactions.<o:p></o:p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhohyH-9sNrwVYxJ8ayqJagrepfTO12UoarlPYZKPyeOEvdssOAMK4KOPYo47_gJ2hrKs4HWoCo7HivAbIGTKhjXbUtWMw2J1uxbi7S9kOxocg3GfELjILikfRhAzMJUE14tlysk3zlf9wwyJvRMulPYLlYYf22DNW3Agasvo3zrFWj4VqwT9NXBw/s1600/bipolar-child-kaplan-fe04.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1600" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhohyH-9sNrwVYxJ8ayqJagrepfTO12UoarlPYZKPyeOEvdssOAMK4KOPYo47_gJ2hrKs4HWoCo7HivAbIGTKhjXbUtWMw2J1uxbi7S9kOxocg3GfELjILikfRhAzMJUE14tlysk3zlf9wwyJvRMulPYLlYYf22DNW3Agasvo3zrFWj4VqwT9NXBw/w400-h400/bipolar-child-kaplan-fe04.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;"><br /></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Close
monitoring: Regular check-ups with a healthcare professional are crucial to
monitor the child's progress, adjust medication if needed, and address any
concerns. Open communication between the child, their family, and the
healthcare team is essential to ensure an effective treatment plan.<o:p></o:p></p>Michael Pekkerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00719697048984156330noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7117914696834537995.post-27256613935775319112023-06-14T21:18:00.000-07:002023-06-14T21:18:07.920-07:00Psychotherapy for Children<p> </p><p class="MsoNormal">Treatment options for children with depression are
similar to those for adults, including psychotherapy (counseling) and
medication. Your child's doctor may suggest psychotherapy first and consider
antidepressant medicine as an option if there is no significant improvement.
The best studies to date show that a combination of psychotherapy and
medication is most effective at treating depression. <o:p></o:p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOzSJelzPZ2UcrGYj5DzKEAUQFiAqvlMXIns7AYVEZ6w4ecTSJHd8it0kg_g1p1XzbDbl3EX_87FW80XT7iAae4WnxWmx_-f6R2OL6Gf7cshAeAuu-Jxq8jNiZX-mN3de80VShXuDlIG-d48f9KFd57Zb5g1x3kgIc_kqi-1XzKGVb-w6sLqgNHQ/s764/Screenshot%202023-06-14%20211640.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="393" data-original-width="764" height="206" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOzSJelzPZ2UcrGYj5DzKEAUQFiAqvlMXIns7AYVEZ6w4ecTSJHd8it0kg_g1p1XzbDbl3EX_87FW80XT7iAae4WnxWmx_-f6R2OL6Gf7cshAeAuu-Jxq8jNiZX-mN3de80VShXuDlIG-d48f9KFd57Zb5g1x3kgIc_kqi-1XzKGVb-w6sLqgNHQ/w400-h206/Screenshot%202023-06-14%20211640.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><p class="MsoNormal"><br /></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>Psychotherapy for Children<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Psychotherapy for children, also known as child therapy or
child counseling, is a specialized form of therapy aimed at addressing the
emotional, behavioral, and psychological needs of children and adolescents. It
involves working with trained mental health professionals who have expertise in
child development and therapeutic techniques tailored to young individuals.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Here are some common types of psychotherapy used for
children:<o:p></o:p></p>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in;">Play
Therapy: Play therapy utilizes play as a form of communication for
children to express their thoughts, emotions, and experiences. Therapists
may use various play techniques, such as art, sand, or role-playing, to
help children explore their feelings, develop problem-solving skills, and
process traumatic events. Here are some key aspects of play therapy for
children:<o:p></o:p></li>
</ol>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1">
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l4 level2 lfo2;">Therapeutic Playroom:
Play therapy typically takes place in a specially equipped playroom where
a variety of toys, art materials, and games are available. The child is
encouraged to freely choose and engage with these materials, allowing
them to express themselves in ways that feel comfortable to them.<o:p></o:p></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l4 level2 lfo2;">Non-Directive Approach:
The play therapist takes a non-directive approach, meaning they do not
direct the child's play or impose their interpretations. Instead, they
create a safe and accepting space where the child can explore and express
themselves freely. The therapist observes and reflects the child's
actions and words, providing support and validation.<o:p></o:p></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l4 level2 lfo2;">Symbolic Expression:
Children often use toys and play materials symbolically, representing
their thoughts, emotions, and experiences. Through their play, they can
act out scenarios, create narratives, and explore different roles and
relationships. The play therapist pays attention to these symbolic
expressions, seeking to understand their underlying meanings.<o:p></o:p></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l4 level2 lfo2;">Emotional Release and
Regulation: Play therapy allows children to release and regulate their
emotions. It provides a safe outlet for emotional expression, helping
children process difficult feelings such as anger, sadness, fear, or
confusion. The therapist supports the child in understanding and managing
their emotions effectively.<o:p></o:p></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l4 level2 lfo2;">Therapeutic Relationship:
The play therapist establishes a warm, trusting, and empathetic
relationship with the child. This relationship forms the foundation for
the therapeutic work and helps the child feel secure and understood. The
therapist builds rapport and attunes to the child's needs, fostering a
sense of safety and acceptance.<o:p></o:p></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l4 level2 lfo2;">Therapeutic Goals: Play
therapy addresses a range of concerns, including emotional difficulties,
behavioral issues, trauma, social skills deficits, and adjustment
difficulties. The specific goals of play therapy are tailored to each
child's needs and may include enhancing emotional regulation, improving
problem-solving skills, building self-esteem, fostering social
interactions, and promoting healthy coping strategies.<o:p></o:p></li>
</ul>
</ol>
<ol start="2" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in;">Cognitive-Behavioral
Therapy (CBT): CBT helps children identify and change negative thought
patterns and behaviors that contribute to emotional difficulties. It
focuses on teaching coping skills, problem-solving techniques, and
strategies to manage anxiety, depression, or behavioral issues. Here are
some key aspects of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for children:<o:p></o:p></li>
</ol>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1">
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l2 level2 lfo3;">Psychoeducation: The
therapist educates the child and their parents about how thoughts,
emotions, and behaviors are interconnected. They help the child
understand the role of their thoughts in influencing their feelings and
actions.<o:p></o:p></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l2 level2 lfo3;">Cognitive Restructuring:
Cognitive restructuring involves identifying and challenging negative or
distorted thoughts and replacing them with more realistic and positive
thoughts. The child learns to recognize unhelpful thinking patterns and
develop alternative, more adaptive ways of thinking.<o:p></o:p></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l2 level2 lfo3;">Behavioral Techniques:
CBT for children incorporates various behavioral techniques to promote
positive changes in behavior. This can include setting goals, using
rewards and reinforcements, developing problem-solving skills, and
practicing relaxation techniques.<o:p></o:p></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l2 level2 lfo3;">Coping Skills Training:
Children learn specific coping skills to manage and regulate their
emotions effectively. They are taught strategies to handle stress,
anxiety, anger, or other challenging emotions. These skills may include
deep breathing exercises, progressive muscle relaxation, guided imagery,
or social skills training.<o:p></o:p></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l2 level2 lfo3;">Exposure and Response
Prevention (ERP): ERP is a specific technique used to treat anxiety
disorders, phobias, and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in children.
It involves gradually exposing the child to feared situations or triggers
and helping them resist engaging in their typical anxiety-driven
responses. This process allows them to build resilience and overcome
their anxieties.<o:p></o:p></li>
</ul>
</ol>
<p class="MsoNormal">CBT for children is often conducted over a limited number of
sessions, typically ranging from 10 to 20 sessions, although this can vary
depending on the child's needs and progress. The therapist works closely with
the child and their parents, collaboratively setting goals and tracking
progress throughout the therapy process.<o:p></o:p></p>
<ol start="3" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in;">Family
Therapy: Family therapy involves working with the child and their family
members together to improve family dynamics, communication, and
relationships. It can help address conflicts, improve parenting skills,
and enhance support systems for the child's emotional well-being. Here are
some key aspects of family therapy for children with depression, which
were not mentioned before:<o:p></o:p></li>
</ol>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1">
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l3 level2 lfo4;">Enhancing Family
Communication: Family therapy promotes open and effective communication
within the family. The therapist helps family members express their
thoughts, feelings, and concerns in a supportive and constructive manner.
Improved communication can lead to better understanding and empathy among
family members.<o:p></o:p></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l3 level2 lfo4;">Emotionally Focused
Therapy: Emotionally focused techniques are utilized to enhance emotional
connection and understanding within the family. Family members learn to
identify and express their emotions, validate each other's experiences,
and build empathy. This can create a more nurturing and supportive
environment for the child.<o:p></o:p></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l3 level2 lfo4;">Problem-Solving and
Coping Skills: Family therapy can teach problem-solving skills and coping
strategies that the entire family can implement. This may involve
developing routines, establishing healthy communication patterns, and
implementing self-care practices. Learning these skills helps the child
and the family effectively manage stressors and challenges related to
depression.<o:p></o:p></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l3 level2 lfo4;">Parental Support and
Guidance: Parental involvement is crucial in family therapy for children
with depression. Parents receive guidance and support in understanding
and responding to their child's depressive symptoms. They learn
strategies to provide emotional support, set appropriate boundaries, and
reinforce positive behaviors. Parental involvement contributes to
creating a nurturing and responsive family environment.<o:p></o:p></li>
</ul>
</ol>
<p class="MsoNormal">Family therapy sessions can vary in duration and frequency,
depending on the specific needs and goals of the family. The therapist
collaborates with the family to establish treatment goals and monitor progress
over time.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Systems Perspective: Family therapy views the child's
depression within the context of family interactions and dynamics. The
therapist examines how family relationships, communication patterns, and
interactions may contribute to the child's depressive symptoms. The focus is on
identifying and addressing any dysfunctional patterns that may be impacting the
child's well-being.<o:p></o:p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjB8OOKbGu5uco39uaDHi67PNoScQWDWRa7YvunuT00KW6MHstLXSjiBtGPj0DiIBB4Amqf8OBVmkpxrgE9TnZ8vWu9zGK2r-hJJN_-Gte6Yqd7KvwYH4668Njaibs5jFHr6265rd9ahszx4fll7I-_1_BpWiQcyeE7avc6kc0ZStsa7Al0TXqceQ/s776/Screenshot%202023-06-14%20211536.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="474" data-original-width="776" height="244" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjB8OOKbGu5uco39uaDHi67PNoScQWDWRa7YvunuT00KW6MHstLXSjiBtGPj0DiIBB4Amqf8OBVmkpxrgE9TnZ8vWu9zGK2r-hJJN_-Gte6Yqd7KvwYH4668Njaibs5jFHr6265rd9ahszx4fll7I-_1_BpWiQcyeE7avc6kc0ZStsa7Al0TXqceQ/w400-h244/Screenshot%202023-06-14%20211536.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><p class="MsoNormal"><br /></p>
<ol start="4" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in;">Trauma-Focused
Therapy: This therapy is specifically designed to help children who have
experienced trauma. It aims to process traumatic events, reduce
distressing symptoms, and develop healthy coping mechanisms. Techniques
such as trauma narrative, relaxation exercises, and cognitive
restructuring may be used. Here are some key aspects of Trauma-Focused
Therapy for children with depression:<o:p></o:p></li>
</ol>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1">
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l1 level2 lfo5;">Psychoeducation: The
therapist provides age-appropriate information to the child and their
caregivers about trauma and its impact on mental health. This helps
children and their families understand the connection between trauma and
depressive symptoms.<o:p></o:p></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l1 level2 lfo5;">Trauma Processing:
Trauma-Focused Therapy uses various techniques to help the child safely
process and integrate the traumatic experiences. This may include trauma
narrative, where the child is encouraged to verbally or through play,
express the details of the traumatic event(s). The therapist assists in
processing emotions, providing support, and helping the child make
meaning of their experiences.<o:p></o:p></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l1 level2 lfo5;">Cognitive Restructuring:
The therapist helps the child identify and challenge negative thoughts
and beliefs that may have developed as a result of the trauma. Cognitive
restructuring techniques are used to replace distorted and self-blaming
thoughts with more accurate and adaptive thoughts.<o:p></o:p></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l1 level2 lfo5;">Emotional Regulation:
Children who have experienced trauma often struggle with regulating their
emotions. Trauma-Focused Therapy teaches children skills to manage and
cope with overwhelming emotions. This may involve relaxation exercises,
deep breathing techniques, and grounding exercises to help the child
self-soothe and manage distressing emotions.<o:p></o:p></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l1 level2 lfo5;">Safety and Trust
Building: Establishing a safe and trusting therapeutic relationship is
essential in Trauma-Focused Therapy. The therapist creates a supportive
and secure environment where the child feels comfortable sharing their
experiences and emotions. This helps build a foundation for healing and
recovery.<o:p></o:p></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l1 level2 lfo5;">Parent/Caregiver
Involvement: The involvement of parents or caregivers is crucial in
Trauma-Focused Therapy. They are provided with support and guidance in
understanding their child's trauma and how it impacts their mental
health. Parents learn strategies to provide a safe and nurturing
environment for their child's recovery and support their ongoing healing
process.<o:p></o:p></li>
</ul>
</ol>
<p class="MsoNormal">Trauma-Focused Therapy is often conducted over a specific
number of sessions, typically ranging from 12 to 20 sessions, but can vary
depending on the child's needs and progress. The therapy is usually delivered
by mental health professionals who have received specialized training in trauma
treatment for children.<o:p></o:p></p>
<ol start="5" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in;">Social
Skills Training: Social skills training helps children develop effective
interpersonal and communication skills. It focuses on teaching
age-appropriate social behaviors, problem-solving, empathy, and conflict
resolution strategies. Here are some key aspects of social skills training
for children with depression:<o:p></o:p></li>
</ol>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1">
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l5 level2 lfo6;">Assessment: The therapist
assesses the child's current social skills and identifies areas that may
need improvement. This may involve observing the child in social
situations, gathering information from parents or teachers, and
conducting assessments to identify specific skill deficits.<o:p></o:p></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l5 level2 lfo6;">Skill Development: Social
skills training involves teaching the child specific social skills that
they may struggle with, such as initiating conversations, listening
actively, maintaining eye contact, expressing emotions appropriately,
problem-solving, and assertiveness. Skills are taught in a structured and
step-by-step manner.<o:p></o:p></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l5 level2 lfo6;">Modeling and
Role-Playing: The therapist models appropriate social behaviors and
provides opportunities for the child to practice these skills through
role-playing exercises. This allows the child to observe and imitate
effective social interactions in a supportive and controlled environment.<o:p></o:p></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l5 level2 lfo6;">Reinforcement and
Feedback: Positive reinforcement and constructive feedback are essential
components of social skills training. The child is praised and rewarded
for using newly learned skills effectively. Feedback is provided to help
the child understand what they did well and areas for improvement.<o:p></o:p></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l5 level2 lfo6;">Generalization and
Practice: Social skills training focuses on helping the child apply their
newly acquired skills in real-life situations. The therapist supports the
child in generalizing the skills to various social settings, such as
school, family, and peer interactions. Role-playing and homework
assignments may be used to practice skills outside of therapy sessions.<o:p></o:p></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l5 level2 lfo6;">Addressing Cognitive
Distortions: In some cases, social skills training for children with
depression may also involve addressing negative thoughts or cognitive
distortions that can impact their social interactions. Cognitive
restructuring techniques may be used to challenge and modify negative
beliefs and encourage more positive and realistic thinking patterns.<o:p></o:p></li>
</ul>
</ol>
<p class="MsoNormal">Parental involvement is often encouraged in social skills
training. Parents can provide support and reinforcement of skills learned in
therapy and help create opportunities for the child to practice their social
skills in natural settings. The duration and frequency of social skills training
depend on the individual child's needs and progress. It may be delivered in
individual or group therapy formats, depending on the child's preferences and
therapeutic goals.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">It's important to note that the success of psychotherapy for
children depends on the child's willingness to engage in therapy, the
therapeutic relationship, and the commitment and involvement of parents or
caregivers in the treatment process.<o:p></o:p></p>Michael Pekkerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00719697048984156330noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7117914696834537995.post-89206282956330637402023-06-05T21:20:00.005-07:002023-06-05T21:20:41.509-07:00Can Depression in Children Be Prevented?<p> </p><p class="MsoNormal">While it's not possible to prevent depression in all
children, there are certain strategies and interventions that can reduce the
risk or help mitigate the development of depression. Here are some approaches
that can be helpful:<o:p></o:p></p>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in;">Promote
a Healthy and Supportive Environment: Creating a nurturing and supportive
home environment is crucial. Encourage open communication, express love
and affection, and provide a safe space for children to express their
emotions. Foster positive relationships within the family and promote
healthy social connections with peers and other supportive individuals.<o:p></o:p></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in;">Teach
Coping and Resilience Skills: Help children develop effective coping
strategies to deal with stress and adversity. Teach them problem-solving
skills, emotional regulation techniques, and healthy ways to manage and
express their feelings. Building resilience can help children navigate
challenges and setbacks more effectively.</li>
</ol>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in;"><i>Ways to Promote Resiliency in
Children<o:p></o:p></i></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Encourage problem-solving skills: Encourage
children to develop problem-solving skills by allowing them to make decisions
and take responsibility.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Foster supportive relationships: Foster
supportive relationships, such as with family members, friends, and community
members.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Emphasize the positive: Focus on positive
aspects of life, such as gratitude and optimism.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in;"><i>Factors that Contribute to
Resiliency in Children<o:p></o:p></i></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Having a positive outlook: Children with a
positive outlook are more likely to cope effectively with challenges.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Good communication: Children with strong
communication skills are better able to express their feelings and seek
support.<o:p></o:p></p>
<ol start="3" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in;">Encourage
Healthy Lifestyle Habits: Promote regular physical activity, healthy
eating habits, and sufficient sleep. Engaging in physical exercise has
been shown to have a positive impact on mental health and can reduce the
risk of depression. Balanced nutrition and adequate sleep are also
important for overall well-being.<o:p></o:p></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in;">Monitor
and Limit Stressful Situations: Pay attention to potential sources of
stress in a child's life and take steps to minimize or address them. This
can involve monitoring academic pressures, extracurricular commitments,
and conflicts within the family or peer group. Help children find a
healthy balance in their activities and encourage them to engage in
hobbies and interests they enjoy.<o:p></o:p></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in;">Foster
Emotional Well-being: Encourage children to express their emotions and
validate their feelings. Teach them about emotions, help them develop
emotional intelligence, and provide guidance on healthy ways to cope with
difficult emotions. Encourage activities that promote self-expression,
such as art, music, or journaling.<o:p></o:p></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in;">Stay
Connected with School: Maintain open communication with teachers and school
staff to monitor a child's academic progress and social interactions.
Collaborate with the school to address any potential difficulties or
concerns that may arise.<o:p></o:p></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in;">Recognize
Early Warning Signs: Be aware of the signs and symptoms of depression in
children, such as persistent sadness, withdrawal from activities, changes
in appetite or sleep patterns, irritability, low self-esteem, or academic
difficulties. Early identification and intervention can help prevent the
worsening of symptoms.<o:p></o:p></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in;">Seek
Professional Help: If you suspect your child may be experiencing
depression or is at risk, it is important to consult with a mental health
professional. A qualified therapist or counselor can provide appropriate
assessment, support, and evidence-based interventions tailored to the
child's needs.<o:p></o:p></li>
</ol>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLpc4xkfQtmtdSHIy5CS-DAUnduBnRVwg6uvQUPUZPjbXa51NnpY4U0gRK5YdHu2VgjyXJsQHFFqF8nu-bQ9u4zzDDyx3_1VMueU2b3MC0XjvkSUW3_qQ5lVjUvs5Vqzxz9bGs5qxfagzUaPCNCmdhT8fzJ8YM6OUrThqu5KlpE7-VYhQdidNT9Q/s1500/GettyImages-164413895-56a258cb5f9b58b7d0c9336c.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1074" data-original-width="1500" height="286" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLpc4xkfQtmtdSHIy5CS-DAUnduBnRVwg6uvQUPUZPjbXa51NnpY4U0gRK5YdHu2VgjyXJsQHFFqF8nu-bQ9u4zzDDyx3_1VMueU2b3MC0XjvkSUW3_qQ5lVjUvs5Vqzxz9bGs5qxfagzUaPCNCmdhT8fzJ8YM6OUrThqu5KlpE7-VYhQdidNT9Q/w400-h286/GettyImages-164413895-56a258cb5f9b58b7d0c9336c.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><p class="MsoNormal">It's important to note that while these strategies can be
helpful in reducing the risk of depression, they may not guarantee prevention
in all cases. Depression is a complex condition, and multiple factors
contribute to its development. However, by creating a supportive environment
and teaching children healthy coping skills, you can promote their overall
mental health and well-being.<o:p></o:p></p>Michael Pekkerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00719697048984156330noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7117914696834537995.post-86365106879315095212023-06-01T22:49:00.005-07:002023-06-01T22:49:37.813-07:00How Is Depression Diagnosed in Children?<p>Diagnosing depression in children involves a comprehensive
assessment that takes into account various factors. Since children may have
difficulty expressing their emotions or understanding what they are
experiencing, it requires the involvement of parents, caregivers, teachers, and
mental health professionals. Here are some common steps and considerations
involved in diagnosing depression in children:</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in;">Initial
evaluation: The process usually begins with an initial evaluation
conducted by a healthcare professional or mental health specialist. This
evaluation may include interviews with both the child and their parents or
caregivers. The purpose is to gather information about the child's
behavior, emotions, and any noticeable changes in their mood.<o:p></o:p></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in;">Diagnostic
criteria: Mental health professionals refer to the Diagnostic and
Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) published by the American
Psychiatric Association to identify symptoms and establish diagnostic
criteria for depression. The DSM-5 outlines specific symptoms, duration,
and impairment criteria that need to be met for a diagnosis of depression.<o:p></o:p></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in;">Parent
and teacher reports: Parents and teachers play a crucial role in providing
information about the child's behavior and emotional state. They may be
asked to complete questionnaires or rating scales to assess the child's
symptoms and functioning across different settings.<o:p></o:p></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in;">Clinical
interview: A mental health professional will typically conduct a clinical
interview with the child to gather more detailed information. This
interview aims to explore the child's feelings, thoughts, and experiences
related to depression. The professional may use child-friendly techniques
and language to facilitate communication.<o:p></o:p></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in;">Observations:
In addition to interviews, mental health professionals may observe the
child's behavior and interactions with others to gather further insights
into their emotional state and functioning.<o:p></o:p></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in;">Duration
and impairment: To make a diagnosis of depression, the symptoms must be
present for a specific duration (e.g., at least two weeks) and cause
significant impairment in the child's daily life, such as affecting their
academic performance, relationships, or overall well-being.<o:p></o:p></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in;">Ruling
out other conditions: It is important to rule out other medical or
psychiatric conditions that may present with similar symptoms. For
example, some medical conditions, such as thyroid disorders, can mimic
depressive symptoms.<o:p></o:p></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in;">Collaboration
with other professionals: Depending on the circumstances, the mental
health professional may collaborate with other healthcare providers, such
as pediatricians or psychologists, to gather additional information or
rule out other underlying factors.<o:p></o:p></li>
</ol>
<p class="MsoNormal">It's important to note that diagnosing depression in
children can be complex due to developmental considerations, the variability of
symptoms, and the need for a comprehensive assessment. Therefore, it is
recommended to seek professional help from a qualified mental health specialist
or healthcare provider for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.<o:p></o:p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbQ7Ac19S3YwXQMmLIbrM-CkuKL3aS_7zvtKqzYeibg_M3Wzwac56ayhQ6jhSfuQrOhFcgp5aHD8DZ2REw3rkGcSWgR7DaqKr0jevpYOghe3heJsKyaECjgdGzA420n4LkW4a9c7T2SxlMhJs1F1nOfcpMvRBSbevl0NojQi_EQPyxhH3rJUlVUQ/s1200/3QFJHSAPIBANBJXAVIW3MY3K64.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="800" data-original-width="1200" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbQ7Ac19S3YwXQMmLIbrM-CkuKL3aS_7zvtKqzYeibg_M3Wzwac56ayhQ6jhSfuQrOhFcgp5aHD8DZ2REw3rkGcSWgR7DaqKr0jevpYOghe3heJsKyaECjgdGzA420n4LkW4a9c7T2SxlMhJs1F1nOfcpMvRBSbevl0NojQi_EQPyxhH3rJUlVUQ/w400-h266/3QFJHSAPIBANBJXAVIW3MY3K64.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><p class="MsoNormal"><br /></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>When do I need to seek medical advice?<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">If the symptoms of depression in your child have lasted for
at least 2 weeks, schedule a visit with their doctor to make sure there are no
physical reasons for the symptoms and to make sure that your child gets proper
treatment. A consultation with a mental health care professional who
specializes in children is also recommended. Keep in mind that the pediatrician
may ask to speak with your child alone.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">A mental health evaluation should include interviews with
you (the parent or primary caregiver) and your child, and any other
psychological testing that is needed. Information from teachers, friends, and
classmates can be useful for showing that these symptoms are consistent during
your child's various activities and are a marked change from previous behavior.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">There are no specific medical or psychological tests that
can clearly show depression, but tools such as questionnaires (for both the
child and parents), combined with personal information, can be very useful in
helping diagnose depression in children. Sometimes those therapy sessions and
questionnaires can uncover other concerns that contribute to depression such
as ADHD, conduct disorder, and OCD.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Some pediatricians start using mental health screens at a
child's 11th-year well visit and each year after.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The United States Preventive Service Task Force recommends
screening for anxiety in children and adolescents ages 8 to 18 years and
screening for major depressive disorder (MDD) in adolescents ages 12 to 18
years.<o:p></o:p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZfLERW0_oFhiPwjdiyEItWnjewpij_b-HbyP-b_nr06GfMZJVoxAZXoXMlBYdL-yCax9OHx1-rKkDMBm4vMN2t7Ba4vdeODvAjR1fEnQeYnXZtLtufVl6JQMZ7ND0SCnGPDIcbROlod1A2XEAsuUx5bUhKhuhZMDh4O3Oi437jtQ7_RTp_QRyBg/s600/HPV_study.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="400" data-original-width="600" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZfLERW0_oFhiPwjdiyEItWnjewpij_b-HbyP-b_nr06GfMZJVoxAZXoXMlBYdL-yCax9OHx1-rKkDMBm4vMN2t7Ba4vdeODvAjR1fEnQeYnXZtLtufVl6JQMZ7ND0SCnGPDIcbROlod1A2XEAsuUx5bUhKhuhZMDh4O3Oi437jtQ7_RTp_QRyBg/w400-h266/HPV_study.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><p class="MsoNormal"><br /></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>Practical Steps<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Diagnosing depression in children involves a combination of
approaches to gather information and assess their symptoms. Here are the
practical steps commonly followed in diagnosing depression in children:<o:p></o:p></p>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in;">Initial
screening: The process often begins with a screening questionnaire or tool
completed by parents, teachers, or the child themselves. These screening
measures help identify potential depressive symptoms and determine the
need for further evaluation.<o:p></o:p></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in;">Gathering
information: The mental health professional or healthcare provider will
conduct interviews with both the child and their parents or caregivers.
They will ask questions about the child's behavior, emotions, and any
changes in mood or functioning. It's important to obtain information from
multiple sources to gain a comprehensive understanding of the child's
experiences.<o:p></o:p></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in;">Diagnostic
criteria assessment: The mental health professional will assess the
child's symptoms against the diagnostic criteria outlined in the DSM-5.
The DSM-5 lists specific symptoms and duration requirements necessary for
a diagnosis of depression.<o:p></o:p></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in;">Structured
interviews: Structured interviews designed specifically for assessing
depression in children, such as the Kiddie-SADS or the Children's
Depression Inventory (CDI), may be used. These interviews help gather
detailed information about the child's symptoms, their severity, and the
impact on their daily life.<o:p></o:p></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in;">Behavioral
observations: The mental health professional may observe the child's
behavior and interactions during the assessment. This can provide
additional insights into their emotional state, social functioning, and
overall well-being.<o:p></o:p></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in;">Review
of medical history: A review of the child's medical history is essential
to identify any physical illnesses, medications, or other factors that
could contribute to depressive symptoms or mimic them. Some medical
conditions or medications can cause symptoms similar to depression.<o:p></o:p></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in;">Collaboration
with other professionals: In certain cases, the mental health professional
may collaborate with other healthcare providers, such as pediatricians or
psychologists, to gather additional information or rule out underlying
medical or psychological conditions.<o:p></o:p></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in;">Duration
and impairment assessment: The duration and severity of the symptoms are
evaluated to determine if they meet the criteria for a depressive
disorder. The mental health professional will assess how the symptoms
impact the child's daily functioning, including their academic
performance, relationships, and overall well-being.<o:p></o:p></li>
</ol>Michael Pekkerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00719697048984156330noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7117914696834537995.post-59785413782797711962023-05-26T13:27:00.002-07:002023-05-26T13:27:21.178-07:00How school bullying may lead to depression?<p> </p><p class="MsoNoSpacing">School bullying is a pervasive and harmful problem that
affects millions of children and adolescents every year. The impact of bullying
goes far beyond the physical abuse, humiliation, and harassment that victims
experience. It can also lead to long-term psychological damage, including
depression and anxiety. Depression is a serious mental health condition that
affects a significant number of bullied children and adolescents. Understanding
the link between school bullying and depression is critical for parents,
teachers, and mental health professionals to identify the symptoms of
depression in bullied children and provide the necessary support and
intervention to promote positive mental health outcomes. This article will
explore the link between school bullying and depression, the signs and symptoms
of depression in bullied children, and effective coping strategies and
interventions to manage depression in this population.<o:p></o:p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrgO72JJqjvXVSmNg1nW6qOQ8baDuT1NBNKkYbZ43_FYeZkugW2XmA677xTjtk3v59vScjmBESKdSXKVtuhk9lkUx6GZyEgoTLmq8GXaOaS8urBO_ADmHQWu8ad8QL-SZpzGiZccSiWi-eA11QP9dOi0MnZlUh4xRB1Jhq2tabglTX_lhSYEdHsg/s809/Screenshot%202023-05-26%20132507.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="396" data-original-width="809" height="196" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrgO72JJqjvXVSmNg1nW6qOQ8baDuT1NBNKkYbZ43_FYeZkugW2XmA677xTjtk3v59vScjmBESKdSXKVtuhk9lkUx6GZyEgoTLmq8GXaOaS8urBO_ADmHQWu8ad8QL-SZpzGiZccSiWi-eA11QP9dOi0MnZlUh4xRB1Jhq2tabglTX_lhSYEdHsg/w400-h196/Screenshot%202023-05-26%20132507.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><br /></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b>School Bullying Impact<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">School bullying is a common issue that affects many children
and adolescents in school settings. It is a form of aggressive behavior that
can take different forms, including verbal harassment, physical assault, and
social exclusion. The impact of school bullying on mental health is a serious
concern, as it can lead to a range of negative consequences, including
depression, anxiety, and low self-esteem.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b>Prevalence of School Bullying<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">School bullying is a widespread problem that affects
children and adolescents in many parts of the world. According to the National
Center for Education Statistics, 20% of students aged 12-18 have experienced
bullying in the United States. The prevalence rates of school bullying can vary
depending on various factors, including age, gender, and cultural background.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b>School Bullying and Mental Health<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">The impact of school bullying on mental health can be
significant and long-lasting. Research has shown that children and adolescents
who experience bullying are at a higher risk of developing various mental
health problems, including depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress
disorder. The psychological effects of bullying can persist well into
adulthood, affecting the victim's social, emotional, and academic development.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b>School Bullying and Depression<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">The link between school bullying and depression is a
complex and multi-dimensional issue. While not all children who are bullied
develop depression, research has shown that there is a significant association
between bullying victimization and depressive symptoms.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Bullying victimization can have a profound impact on a
child's psychological well-being, leading to feelings of shame, helplessness,
and social isolation. Children who are bullied may develop a negative
self-image, low self-esteem, and feelings of worthlessness. These emotional
experiences can contribute to the development of depressive symptoms.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">School bullying can lead to depression through various
pathways. One possible mechanism is that bullying victimization can disrupt a
child's social relationships, making it difficult for them to form meaningful
connections with peers. This social isolation can lead to feelings of
loneliness, sadness, and despair, which are hallmark symptoms of depression.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b>Signs and Symptoms of Depression in Bullied Children<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">It is essential to understand the signs and symptoms of
depression in bullied children to provide timely intervention and support.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Depression in children can manifest in different ways,
including physical symptoms such as fatigue, headaches, and stomachaches, and
emotional symptoms, including sadness, irritability, and hopelessness. Children
may also experience changes in appetite, sleep disturbances, and difficulty
concentrating.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Depression in bullied children may differ from adult
depression in some ways. Children may have a harder time verbalizing their
emotions and may not have the same language or coping skills as adults to deal
with their feelings. They may also display more physical symptoms than adults,
making it harder to recognize the signs of depression.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b>Factors That Determine the Severity of Depression in
Bullied Children<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Several factors can affect the severity of depression in
bullied children:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->The Role of Age and Gender in Depression in
Bullied Children<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Age and gender can play a role in how children experience
depression. Girls may be more vulnerable to depression than boys, and younger
children may have a harder time coping with the effects of bullying.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->The Impact of the Duration and Intensity of
Bullying on Depression<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">The duration and intensity of bullying can also impact
the severity of depression in bullied children. Children who experience chronic
and severe bullying may be more likely to develop depressive symptoms than
those who experience mild or infrequent bullying. It is crucial to address
bullying as soon as possible to prevent further harm to the victim's mental
health.<o:p></o:p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnjnJaDaQXTzH1C9wO6jnVi0tccgsfkDMnkkwdMWrcLTklQB5nNUDdRY0CiQ6Zaerw9u-AG0SiG-5QxKI9potVlvhZQoEBNBb9X6C9AtdXL5wOCnUwB9SmLjINqkpCbye2dDXMP-HTaI1gZcGTRqLXvI7gOUwO3_Lj1-NVIoPXaH8BvBdsDTsBZQ/s626/Screenshot%202023-05-26%20132411.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="522" data-original-width="626" height="334" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnjnJaDaQXTzH1C9wO6jnVi0tccgsfkDMnkkwdMWrcLTklQB5nNUDdRY0CiQ6Zaerw9u-AG0SiG-5QxKI9potVlvhZQoEBNBb9X6C9AtdXL5wOCnUwB9SmLjINqkpCbye2dDXMP-HTaI1gZcGTRqLXvI7gOUwO3_Lj1-NVIoPXaH8BvBdsDTsBZQ/w400-h334/Screenshot%202023-05-26%20132411.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><br /></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b>Coping Strategies<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Bullying can cause depression in children, but they can
learn coping strategies to manage it. Encouraging children to talk about their
experiences, expressing their feelings, and finding healthy distractions are
effective coping strategies. Parents can help their children develop coping
mechanisms that suit their personality and interests.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Seeking support from friends, family, or a mental health
professional can help bullied children overcome depression. A person who
listens actively, offers guidance, and helps them identify their strengths and
weaknesses can be a valuable resource. A mental health professional can provide
a safe and confidential space to express their feelings, learn coping
strategies, and overcome depression.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b>Treatment Options<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Effective treatments for depression in bullied children
involve counseling, medication, or a combination of both. Cognitive-behavioral
therapy, family therapy, and group therapy are effective counseling options.
Medications, such as antidepressants, can help regulate their mood, but it is
essential to work with a mental health professional to ensure safe and
effective use.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b>Stop Bullying on the Spot<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">When adults respond quickly and consistently to bullying behavior,
they send the message that it is not acceptable. Research shows this can stop
bullying behavior over time.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Parents, school staff, and other adults in the community
can help kids prevent bullying by talking about it, building a safe school
environment, and creating a community-wide bullying prevention strategy.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b><i>Useful resourced:<o:p></o:p></i></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><i><a href="https://www.stopbullying.gov/">https://www.stopbullying.gov/</a><o:p></o:p></i></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><i><a href="https://teach.com/online-ed/counseling-degrees/online-masters-school-counseling/bullying-resources/">https://teach.com/online-ed/counseling-degrees/online-masters-school-counseling/bullying-resources/</a><o:p></o:p></i></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><i><a href="https://www.parentcenterhub.org/bullying/">https://www.parentcenterhub.org/bullying/</a><o:p></o:p></i></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><i><o:p> </o:p></i></p>Michael Pekkerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00719697048984156330noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7117914696834537995.post-85384358068073445912023-05-23T21:06:00.002-07:002023-05-23T21:06:19.003-07:00What Causes Depression in Children?<p> </p><p class="MsoNormal">Depression in children can have multiple causes, and it is
often the result of a combination of factors. Here are some potential causes of
depression in children:<o:p></o:p></p>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in;"><b>Biological
factors:</b> Some children may have a higher risk of developing depression due
to genetic factors or a family history of depression or other mental
health disorders. <o:p></o:p></li>
</ol>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;">The biological factors may include:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .75in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Genetics: Children with a family history of
depression are at a higher risk of developing the condition themselves. Genetic
factors can influence the way neurotransmitters (chemical messengers in the
brain) are regulated, affecting mood and emotions.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .75in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Neurochemical imbalances: Certain neurotransmitters,
such as serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine, play a role in regulating
mood. Imbalances or disruptions in these neurotransmitters can contribute to
depressive symptoms in children.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .75in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Hormonal changes: Hormonal changes that occur
during childhood and adolescence can impact mood regulation. For example,
hormonal fluctuations during puberty can make children more vulnerable to
depression.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .75in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Brain structure and function: Studies have shown
differences in brain structure and functioning in children with depression
compared to those without. Alterations in the prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and
hippocampus, which are involved in emotional regulation and mood processing,
have been observed in children with depression.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .75in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Inflammation: There is evidence suggesting a
link between inflammation and depression. Elevated levels of inflammatory
markers in the body may contribute to the development or worsening of
depressive symptoms.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">While these biological factors can contribute to the risk of
depression in children, they do not guarantee that a child will develop the
condition. Environmental and psychosocial factors also interact with biological
factors in the development of childhood depression. It is a complex interplay
between various factors, and a comprehensive assessment by a healthcare
professional is necessary to understand an individual child's specific
situation.<o:p></o:p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPTrJiscKS1pJb6VrAZOq0zZHpIeVuatFteNaBqd5odylyrLFok5dcrjaN4yC6ICHyHHUZevuAP_Nx_1kr_TduAvLGkcm5UeoJ2_3wcR0IMd5jSYc8koyWYvkOHnwDdWDXh8VvteoAjhUHZ1jneUQfjr6-m86BDxNbtzTpqu7TND7tViTvqsGjxg/s2500/sad+thoughtful+latino+child.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1808" data-original-width="2500" height="289" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPTrJiscKS1pJb6VrAZOq0zZHpIeVuatFteNaBqd5odylyrLFok5dcrjaN4yC6ICHyHHUZevuAP_Nx_1kr_TduAvLGkcm5UeoJ2_3wcR0IMd5jSYc8koyWYvkOHnwDdWDXh8VvteoAjhUHZ1jneUQfjr6-m86BDxNbtzTpqu7TND7tViTvqsGjxg/w400-h289/sad+thoughtful+latino+child.jpeg" width="400" /></a></div><p class="MsoNormal"><br /></p>
<ol start="2" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in;"><b>Environmental
factors:</b> Various environmental factors can play a role in triggering or
exacerbating depression in children. <o:p></o:p></li>
</ol>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">These may include:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Family dynamics: Conflict, instability, abuse,
neglect, or the loss of a loved one can significantly impact a child's
emotional well-being.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Traumatic experiences: Children who experience trauma,
such as physical or emotional abuse, violence, natural disasters, or the death
of a family member or friend, are at higher risk of developing depression.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Stressful life events: Significant life changes,
such as parental divorce, relocation, academic challenges, or social
difficulties, can contribute to feelings of sadness and depression in children.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->School and peer-related factors: Bullying,
social isolation, academic pressure, or difficulties in forming and maintaining
friendships can contribute to depressive symptoms in children.<o:p></o:p></p>
<ol start="3" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in;"><b>Psychological
factors:</b> Psychological factors can play a significant role in the
development of childhood depression. Here are some key psychological
factors associated with childhood depression:<o:p></o:p></li>
</ol>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Negative thinking patterns: Children who
consistently engage in negative thinking, self-criticism, or have a pessimistic
outlook on life are more susceptible to developing depression. They may have a
tendency to focus on their shortcomings, interpret situations in a negative
light, and experience feelings of hopelessness.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Low self-esteem: Children with low self-esteem
often have a negative self-image and a diminished sense of self-worth. This can
make them more vulnerable to experiencing depressive symptoms.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Perfectionism: Children who exhibit
perfectionistic tendencies, setting unrealistically high standards for
themselves and constantly striving for flawlessness, may experience increased
stress, anxiety, and feelings of failure. These pressures can contribute to the
development of depression.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Internalizing behaviors: Some children tend to
internalize their emotions and problems rather than expressing them outwardly.
They may keep their feelings bottled up, avoid seeking help or support, and
withdraw socially. Internalizing behaviors can contribute to the development of
depression over time.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Cognitive distortions: Children with depression
may exhibit distorted thinking patterns, such as overgeneralization (drawing
broad negative conclusions from isolated events), personalization (attributing
personal blame for negative events), and selective attention to negative
information. These cognitive distortions can contribute to the maintenance and
worsening of depressive symptoms.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Learned helplessness: Children who repeatedly
face uncontrollable negative events or perceive a lack of control over their
environment may develop learned helplessness. They may believe that their
actions cannot influence their circumstances, leading to feelings of
powerlessness and an increased risk of depression.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Coping skills and resilience: Children who lack
effective coping skills or have lower resilience levels may be more susceptible
to experiencing depression. Difficult life events or stressors may overwhelm
them, making it harder to bounce back and maintain emotional well-being.<o:p></o:p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7SrnGY7pIOFhdkGBR8vzveOqdYFVXzvTFC-1k1Eccca8uHtJhHBjJ3-8rGOlzI579fkX3iOkFqhRVdhI5QFnTG7r6nA5_tl1cpEhSNZYnuIbsGG30ZmVN5bp8JYCGZjIRI2kJTjY-aP9h0GojSJOG_y0DkVIWwiUOrbA43bz5PkmnpMrCi_8GOg/s2560/mental-health-2022-03-05-05-19-46-utc.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1707" data-original-width="2560" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7SrnGY7pIOFhdkGBR8vzveOqdYFVXzvTFC-1k1Eccca8uHtJhHBjJ3-8rGOlzI579fkX3iOkFqhRVdhI5QFnTG7r6nA5_tl1cpEhSNZYnuIbsGG30ZmVN5bp8JYCGZjIRI2kJTjY-aP9h0GojSJOG_y0DkVIWwiUOrbA43bz5PkmnpMrCi_8GOg/w400-h266/mental-health-2022-03-05-05-19-46-utc.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;"><br /></p>
<ol start="4" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in;"><b>Substance
abuse:</b> Substance abuse or exposure to substance abuse within the family
can contribute to depression in children. While childhood depression
itself is not commonly associated with substance abuse, there can be
factors related to substance abuse that contribute to depressive symptoms
in children. Here are some important points to consider:<o:p></o:p></li>
</ol>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1">
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l3 level2 lfo5;">Family history: Children
growing up in households where substance abuse is present, such as
parents or caregivers with substance use disorders, may be exposed to
unstable and stressful environments. This can increase the risk of
developing depression due to the adverse effects of living with substance
abuse.<o:p></o:p></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l3 level2 lfo5;">Co-occurring disorders:
Children who experience both substance abuse and mental health disorders,
including depression, are said to have co-occurring disorders. Substance
abuse can be a means of self-medication for individuals attempting to
alleviate their depressive symptoms. However, this can exacerbate the
underlying depression and create a vicious cycle.<o:p></o:p></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l3 level2 lfo5;">Peer influence: In
certain cases, children and adolescents may be influenced by their peers
to experiment with drugs or alcohol. Substance abuse can lead to negative
consequences, such as impaired academic performance, strained
relationships, and feelings of guilt and shame, which can contribute to
depressive symptoms.<o:p></o:p></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l3 level2 lfo5;">Neurobiological effects:
Substance abuse, particularly in developing brains, can disrupt the
normal functioning of neurotransmitters and brain circuits. These
disruptions can contribute to depressive symptoms or increase
vulnerability to developing depression.<o:p></o:p></li>
</ul>
</ol>
<p class="MsoNormal">It is important to note that every child is unique, and the
causes of depression can vary from individual to individual. If you suspect
that a child may be experiencing depression, it is crucial to seek professional
help from a mental health provider or a healthcare professional who specializes
in child and adolescent mental health. They can conduct a comprehensive
assessment and provide appropriate support and interventions.<o:p></o:p></p>Michael Pekkerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00719697048984156330noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7117914696834537995.post-19714058910061816892023-05-18T21:16:00.003-07:002023-05-18T21:16:29.320-07:00How Can I Tell if My Child Is Depressed?<p> </p><p class="MsoNoSpacing">The symptoms of depression in children vary. The
condition is often undiagnosed and untreated because symptoms are passed off as
normal emotional and psychological changes. Early medical studies focused on
"masked" depression, where a child's depressed mood was evidenced by
acting out or angry behavior. While this does happen, particularly in younger
children, many children display sadness or low mood similar to adults who are
depressed. The primary symptoms of depression revolve around sadness, a feeling
of hopelessness, and mood changes. If we try to categorize the changes in the
depressed children, we can outline the following meaningful categories (note
that some changes are more appropriate for teens than for younger kids):<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><o:p> </o:p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCKrcNDfKSzoxgJIFxiBIVpMxkXh3VP8WXwnyyHBteAd2Wewqe5e4tWPAwEwU5rclzU05x78JA6oB6CabGPiIWtv1TvVq9DqXU7QWWRC53rmd1SsdhkGja9pFDmjupgsZHjt23b-IbpCBlnUTrmDkOkJqE4oqoA1ByuryfjCszJjgYBJ6MxIB2Xw/s727/21.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="373" data-original-width="727" height="205" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCKrcNDfKSzoxgJIFxiBIVpMxkXh3VP8WXwnyyHBteAd2Wewqe5e4tWPAwEwU5rclzU05x78JA6oB6CabGPiIWtv1TvVq9DqXU7QWWRC53rmd1SsdhkGja9pFDmjupgsZHjt23b-IbpCBlnUTrmDkOkJqE4oqoA1ByuryfjCszJjgYBJ6MxIB2Xw/w400-h205/21.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><i>Behavioral Changes<o:p></o:p></i></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><br />
Children with depression may exhibit changes in behavior, such as becoming
withdrawn, avoiding friends and family, and losing interest in activities they
once enjoyed. They may also experience changes in sleep patterns, appetite, and
energy levels.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Other signs and symptoms of depression in
children include:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Social withdrawal, including attempts of
isolation from family<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Trouble during events and activities at home or
with friends, in school, during extracurricular activities, and with other
hobbies or interests<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Loss of interest and pleasure in activities they
previously enjoyed, such as hobbies, sports, or spending time with friends.
They may also have a general lack of enthusiasm or motivation.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Being more sensitive to rejection<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Increased acting-out of undesirable behaviors
(sexual or behavioral)<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Increased risk-taking behaviors<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Frequent accidents<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Substance abuse<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Talking about or attempting to run away from
home<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Poor academic performance: Depression can negatively
impact a child's concentration, memory, and ability to focus. This may result
in a decline in school performance, difficulty completing assignments, or a
lack of interest in school-related activities.<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><i>Physical Changes<o:p></o:p></i></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><br />
Physical symptoms, such as unexplained pains, are common in children with
depression. They may also experience a loss of weight or gain and have
difficulty with coordination.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Other signs and symptoms of depression in
children include:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Changes in appetite, either increased or
decreased<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Changes in sleep (sleeplessness or
excessive sleep)<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Fatigue and low energy<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Physical complaints (such as stomachaches and
headaches) that don't respond to treatment<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Trouble concentrating<o:p></o:p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpweg5w_488HxLMgBNP_5pgNlbGhTtwJc_GSd9BsdGt5YTWKy2fXoXVEXYCktGPd9MebsTscwAwqmFlSJd72xHxwC3FJ7o7PjX64Su4tIDg1c1MKBqsQkZVeOgKTbJO-Rf_Yqd54jO6kdE3zKf7NIF49bbkh3_eRQz2LCcoij4J2cVndYra90raw/s403/22.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="361" data-original-width="403" height="359" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpweg5w_488HxLMgBNP_5pgNlbGhTtwJc_GSd9BsdGt5YTWKy2fXoXVEXYCktGPd9MebsTscwAwqmFlSJd72xHxwC3FJ7o7PjX64Su4tIDg1c1MKBqsQkZVeOgKTbJO-Rf_Yqd54jO6kdE3zKf7NIF49bbkh3_eRQz2LCcoij4J2cVndYra90raw/w400-h359/22.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><br /></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><i>Emotional Changes<o:p></o:p></i></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><br />
Children with depression may express feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and worthlessness.
They may be excessively self-critical and have low self-esteem. They may also
have difficulty concentrating or making decisions.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Other signs and symptoms of depression in
children include:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Crankiness or anger<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Continuous feelings of sadness and hopelessness<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Feelings of helplessness, irritability,
self-criticism<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Vocal outbursts or crying<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Feelings of worthlessness or guilt<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Focus on morbid and negative themes<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Thoughts of death or suicide, or talking about
death and dying, sudden cases of giving away possessions<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Increased crying or reduced emotional expression<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Not all children have all of these symptoms. In fact,
most will show different symptoms at different times and in different settings.
Although some children may continue to do reasonably well in structured
environments, most kids with significant depression will have a
noticeable change in social activities, loss of interest in school, poor
academic performance, or a change in appearance. Children may also begin using
drugs or alcohol, especially if they are over age 12.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Although relatively rare in youths under 12, young
children do attempt suicide -- and may do so impulsively when they
are upset or angry. Girls are more likely to attempt suicide, but boys are more
likely to actually kill themselves when they make an attempt. Children with a
family history of violence, alcohol abuse, or physical or sexual abuse are
at greater risk for suicide, as are those with depressive symptoms.</p><p class="MsoNoSpacing"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRrcFeSLRWGp5EQOClMr0KZGJrduscy8VJtXFjf0cGcFWElnXvFXJk68ctVTviCnhhe86xuxdTsF2oROBki_taVqdsFvpC76TbQhHnz4W3bSUdCVhwGH_su91X7KB6zqeF2vJsSiNI6wNBNcTiFUTPdcDwpFYWP7QlHG_8GwHzSzO0HlefcZd4PQ/s1200/23.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="580" data-original-width="1200" height="194" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRrcFeSLRWGp5EQOClMr0KZGJrduscy8VJtXFjf0cGcFWElnXvFXJk68ctVTviCnhhe86xuxdTsF2oROBki_taVqdsFvpC76TbQhHnz4W3bSUdCVhwGH_su91X7KB6zqeF2vJsSiNI6wNBNcTiFUTPdcDwpFYWP7QlHG_8GwHzSzO0HlefcZd4PQ/w400-h194/23.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /> <p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><i>Sources and Additional Information:<o:p></o:p></i></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><i><a href="https://www.webmd.com/depression/guide/depression-children">https://www.webmd.com/depression/guide/depression-children</a><o:p></o:p></i></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><i><a href="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/understanding-depression.html">https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/understanding-depression.html</a><o:p></o:p></i></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><i><a href="https://www.childrens.com/health-wellness/signs-of-depression-in-children">https://www.childrens.com/health-wellness/signs-of-depression-in-children</a><o:p></o:p></i></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><i><a href="https://www.everydayhealth.com/depression-pictures/subtle-signs-your-child-is-depressed.aspx">https://www.everydayhealth.com/depression-pictures/subtle-signs-your-child-is-depressed.aspx</a><o:p></o:p></i></p>Michael Pekkerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00719697048984156330noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7117914696834537995.post-16662807574549043442023-05-13T16:41:00.003-07:002023-05-13T16:41:47.651-07:00May Children Really Have Depression?<p> </p><p class="MsoNoSpacing">Depression is a serious mental health condition that
affects people of all ages, including children. Many parents and caregivers may
not be aware that children can experience depression and may not recognize the
signs and symptoms. However, it is important to understand that childhood
depression is a real and treatable condition. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Childhood depression is different from the normal
"blues" and everyday emotions that children go through as they
develop. Just because a child seems sad doesn't necessarily mean they have
significant depression. But if the sadness becomes persistent or interferes
with normal social activities, interests, schoolwork, or family life, it may
mean they have a depressive illness.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><o:p></o:p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifogjr7yB27HQAm1XZ1p-o08ve1CJJtOSndYdPetGw02fbEajXR1cWdPT8mhNNnd5U5oXQzz1cbd6hlqvgn1uk6ynrduU_f79yv8f2-TsO3xvd1Gvf3X265wZoNOgaUxByC6ogQbiy4ppFSjfq84Tiso43fVHmetEJ9eQTkSO6uxFvMTOjmNYhCw/s1100/11.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="618" data-original-width="1100" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifogjr7yB27HQAm1XZ1p-o08ve1CJJtOSndYdPetGw02fbEajXR1cWdPT8mhNNnd5U5oXQzz1cbd6hlqvgn1uk6ynrduU_f79yv8f2-TsO3xvd1Gvf3X265wZoNOgaUxByC6ogQbiy4ppFSjfq84Tiso43fVHmetEJ9eQTkSO6uxFvMTOjmNYhCw/w400-h225/11.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /> <p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b>Misconceptions<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">There are two main misconceptions about childhood
depression. The first actually applies to both adults and children. This
misconception is that someone can just get over depression. Clinical depression
is more than just feeling "blue." Everyone can feel "down"
from time to time. This can be attributed to stress or unhappiness with some
aspect of their life. While depression may appear similar to these down moods,
it is much more pervasive and can even be life threatening. Clinical depression
also is not triggered by a single event in a person's life.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">The second misconception is that children do not have any
reason to be depressed. Childhood is viewed as a carefree period of life.
Adults forget that children are essentially powerless and have no control over
their lives. Children also have to deal with peer acceptance, school life, and
any pressures or expectations that their parents have. This can be a difficult
situation to live with day to day.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b>What is Childhood Depression?<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Childhood depression is a mental health disorder that
affects children and adolescents. Childhood depression, also known as major
depressive disorder (MDD), is a mental health condition in which children
experience persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and a lack of interest
in activities they once enjoyed. Unlike occasional sadness or mood swings,
childhood depression can interfere with a child's daily life and even lead to
thoughts of self-harm. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">What we now know: <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Childhood depression is a real, distinct
clinical entity. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->It is a serious health condition, which if left
untreated, increases risk of future, prolonged and more severe depressive
episodes. Untreated depression in childhood and adolescence can pose risk of
suicide.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Depression often has biological, psychological and
social underpinnings. An individualized treatment plan that explores and
addresses each of these aspects, works best. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Effective treatment options for childhood and
teen depression have been widely tested, proven and established, through
several scientific studies over the years.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Childhood depression can be hidden and
therefore, easily missed. Timely recognition and treatment can be life-changing
and life-saving.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->The barriers surrounding mental health stigma
are beginning to give way due to powerful social movements and discussions
that address realities of mental health.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b>How is Childhood Depression Different from Adult
Depression?<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Childhood depression differs from adult depression in the
way symptoms are expressed. Children with depression may act out or become
irritable, rather than expressing feelings of sadness. Additionally, symptoms
of childhood depression may cause disruptions in school and social settings,
while adult depression may cause disruptions in work and personal
relationships.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Also. unlike depression in adults, childhood depression
can also manifest in physical symptoms, such as headaches and stomach aches.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b>Is Childhood Depression Common?<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Childhood depression is more common than you might think.
According to the National Institute of Mental Health, approximately 3% of
children ages 6-12 and 8% of adolescents ages 13-18 have experienced
depression. Despite its prevalence, childhood depression often goes undiagnosed
and untreated. The prevalence of the condition increases with age, peaking
during adolescence. Girls are also more likely to experience childhood
depression than boys.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><o:p> </o:p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjydNggOalFgkCMkW2tm7wPuQtObQz_hplH48_RdvA5GcEPoBKn63ToBDfR4yX8L5mMJhgvHuZD3XcwilNcSIYiwSls5RbLkbbqkk1IPwgrdAadnqPz-kOBSEmre3qn41zUHEYm2rKCdr9oQzyr2K22lFTzeHjaUyHz8qxNL2BiF2_LPCkvf7ibxw/s3264/12s.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3264" data-original-width="3264" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjydNggOalFgkCMkW2tm7wPuQtObQz_hplH48_RdvA5GcEPoBKn63ToBDfR4yX8L5mMJhgvHuZD3XcwilNcSIYiwSls5RbLkbbqkk1IPwgrdAadnqPz-kOBSEmre3qn41zUHEYm2rKCdr9oQzyr2K22lFTzeHjaUyHz8qxNL2BiF2_LPCkvf7ibxw/w400-h400/12s.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><i>Sources and Additional Information:<o:p></o:p></i></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><i><a href="https://www.hcf.com.au/health-agenda/body-mind/mental-health/children-and-depression">https://www.hcf.com.au/health-agenda/body-mind/mental-health/children-and-depression</a><o:p></o:p></i></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><i><a href="https://adaa.org/learn-from-us/from-the-experts/blog-posts/consumer/childhood-depression">https://adaa.org/learn-from-us/from-the-experts/blog-posts/consumer/childhood-depression</a><o:p></o:p></i></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><i><a href="https://www.azcourts.gov/casa/Training/Training-Courses/Childhood-Depression">https://www.azcourts.gov/casa/Training/Training-Courses/Childhood-Depression</a><o:p></o:p></i></p>Michael Pekkerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00719697048984156330noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7117914696834537995.post-48550229250070797052023-05-04T17:12:00.004-07:002023-05-04T17:12:48.946-07:00TRE (Tension and Trauma Releasing Exercises) for depression<p> </p><p class="MsoNormal">TRE (Tension and Trauma Releasing Exercises) has been
gaining recognition as a viable treatment option for depression. It is a
physical therapy technique that helps to relieve stress and tension in the
body, which in turn can provide relief from emotional stress and depression.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The technique works by triggering a natural tremor in the
body that releases tension and stress. These tremors are a result of the body’s
natural instinct to release stored tension, such as after a traumatic event.
When these tremors are not allowed to occur naturally, they can manifest as physical
and emotional symptoms, including depression.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Studies have shown TRE to be an effective treatment for
depression. In a study of individuals with depression, TRE was found to produce
significant decreases in depression symptoms. Participants reported feeling
more relaxed, less anxious, and better able to cope with stress. The study also
found that the effects were long-lasting, with participants experiencing
ongoing improvements in mood even after the therapy had ended.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">TRE is a low-risk treatment option for depression. It does
not involve medications or invasive procedures, making it suitable for
individuals who are unable or unwilling to take antidepressant medications. In
addition, it has been shown to have few side effects, with most individuals reporting
no adverse effects from the therapy.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">It is important to note that TRE is not a substitute for
professional help for depression. It is a complementary therapy that can be
used in conjunction with other treatments, such as medication and
psychotherapy. However, TRE can provide an effective additional tool for
managing depression symptoms.<o:p></o:p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqMNp9oirmXwK8cOp7OydxjUpxOXy1_sZO1iWuaqDvIJCfmcPD9MO2lEyWWotpXn-2PY7dsoPN30QRBDNtNUm2QPboKVZRyCSwsaWQ0rfMYunjQfxJKBvnCncaD3-_RJ7_xL3rw_Vj52gRjGExbUd0ZOx36Y3Dk0Nz7fFQQhKxaltBliIonNuRMw/s842/10.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="378" data-original-width="842" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqMNp9oirmXwK8cOp7OydxjUpxOXy1_sZO1iWuaqDvIJCfmcPD9MO2lEyWWotpXn-2PY7dsoPN30QRBDNtNUm2QPboKVZRyCSwsaWQ0rfMYunjQfxJKBvnCncaD3-_RJ7_xL3rw_Vj52gRjGExbUd0ZOx36Y3Dk0Nz7fFQQhKxaltBliIonNuRMw/w400-h180/10.JPG" width="400" /></a></div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>How TRE Works?<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">TRE is a method of stress release developed by Dr David
Berceli. He revolutionized our understanding of the shaking and tremor reflex
that happens after a traumatic event. Instead, being viewed as a symptom of
stress, these movements are rather understood to be the bodies recovery reflex
that restore our body and mind to a calm, relaxed and balanced state. Old
traumatic memory stored in the body carries with it “bound” energy that causes
the person to be more anxious and angrier or even depressed. Learning to elicit
the involuntary tremor mechanism allows the body to discharge of that stress
resulting in relaxation and calmness.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">At the core of TRE, there is the psoas muscle, which is
known as the survival muscle. The psoas muscle is responsible for the fight or
flight response to stress and trauma. During threat perception, the psoas
muscle contracts, leading to an increase in heart rate, blood pressure, and
other physiological responses. However, when the danger passes, the muscle does
not naturally release, leading to chronic muscle tension, pain, and emotional
distress.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">TRE works by activating the body's innate tremor reflex. The
tremor reflex is a part of the body's natural healing mechanism, which releases
stored tension in the muscles resulting from stress and trauma. The tremor
reflex releases neurogenic tremors, which are an involuntary rhythmic shaking
of muscles that activate the limbic system and promote relaxation and healing.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The TRE technique involves a series of exercises that
activate the psoas muscle, leading to a mild, rhythmic trembling of the legs
and body. These exercises are designed to induce a state of deep relaxation
that allows the body to release the tension and stress accumulated in the
muscles. This process enables the natural self-healing and self-regulatory
mechanisms of the body to kick in, leading to a profound sense of relaxation,
release, and emotional and physical well-being.<o:p></o:p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAcaRZHZCaGF1TCucfnXz6SSf2PQCmjW5JPmfahSDlJXOsQGWqZqu86QTwtAABowOiKO1K6fROoI97Ul4JHe8-qFADUIII1N1VA7bOlhEiPB_fhnHYQiTip4PE_IWqlqgbMHBqaiEESWaB-xyEy_ysmwqfb2TttrMEt2IdmCZqVjf2_Bl-juLN6A/s1280/11.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="720" data-original-width="1280" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAcaRZHZCaGF1TCucfnXz6SSf2PQCmjW5JPmfahSDlJXOsQGWqZqu86QTwtAABowOiKO1K6fROoI97Ul4JHe8-qFADUIII1N1VA7bOlhEiPB_fhnHYQiTip4PE_IWqlqgbMHBqaiEESWaB-xyEy_ysmwqfb2TttrMEt2IdmCZqVjf2_Bl-juLN6A/w400-h225/11.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>TSE Side Effects<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">While many people find TRE to be a helpful tool for managing
difficult emotions, it is important to be aware of the potential side effects.
These side effects can vary from mild discomfort to more serious physical
symptoms, so it is important to understand what to expect before trying TRE.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">First and foremost, TRE can be physically exhausting. The
shaking and movements involved in the technique require a lot of exertion, and
some people may find themselves feeling tired or sore after a session. It is
important to listen to your body and take breaks as needed during the
exercises, so as not to overwork yourself.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Additionally, some people may experience emotional side
effects as a result of TRE. As the body releases tension and trauma, buried
emotions may come to the surface. This can be difficult to navigate, and it may
be helpful to seek support from a therapist or other mental health professional
if you find yourself struggling with difficult emotions.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Another potential side effect of TRE is physical discomfort
or pain. In some cases, the shaking and movements involved in the exercises may
trigger existing physical conditions or injuries. It is important to speak with
a healthcare provider before beginning TRE, and to listen to your body during
the exercises in order to avoid exacerbating any existing conditions.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>TRE Techniques<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">TRE is an amazing and highly effective tool that can help
the body to naturally release this charge – to reset the nervous system and
return the body to a state of balance. As a result, it reduces many issues
linked to a stressed nervous system, including anxiety, sleep problems,
depression, ADHD, and poor emotional regulation.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The technique involves three main steps:<o:p></o:p></p>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in;">First,
a series of simple exercises are performed as a physical warm-up. These
mildly stress and stretch the body’s core muscles and prepare the body to
activate its natural shaking/vibrating mechanism. While this is typically
a natural process, it is one that we often resist, which is why our bodies
have been unable to discharge any built-up stress naturally.<o:p></o:p></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in;">Once
activated, the gentle shaking/vibrating begins deep in the core of the
body, moving to the legs, and reverberating up along the spine, releasing tension
from the base of the spine to the top of the head. These are called
neurogenic muscle tremors and are the body’s natural way of shaking off
the effects brought about by stress and trauma. The shaking can trigger
physical or emotional release, which (unlike situations of overwhelm) can
be self-regulated. Through TRE training, we have control over the
intensity and can moderate when, where and how much we release at any
given time.<o:p></o:p></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in;">Finally,
it is important to rest, to allow the mind and body to settle and
integrate any emotions that have arisen. This allows the brain to
establish a new neural pattern related to relaxation. Endorphins (natural
pain relief hormones) are released and restore the natural state of
balance.<o:p></o:p></li>
</ol>
<p class="MsoNormal">With practice, the muscle shaking/vibrating can be activated
spontaneously without the need to <b>perform the exercises.<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>Video Presentation<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/SdQJg-HwsMQ" width="320" youtube-src-id="SdQJg-HwsMQ"></iframe><br />
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>7 Exercises<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>Exercise 1 (Stretching the ankles)<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">1. Spread your legs shoulder’s width apart.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">2. Sway to one side by rolling onto the sides of your
feeling. You should be standing on the outside of one foot and on the inside of
the other foot. Hold this position for a few seconds and then sway to the other
side.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">3. Continue slowly swaying back and forth for about 5 to 8
times in each direction.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">4. Once done, shake out your feet.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>Exercise 2 (Stretching the calf muscle)<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">1. Place one foot in front of you and put all your weight
onto that foot. Keep the back leg on the floor just for balance.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">2. Lift the front heel off the ground as high as you feel is
comfortable and go up and down on your toes. Repeat for about 5 to 8 times.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">3. Once finished, shake the leg you just exercised.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">4. Repeat the same with the other foot.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>Exercise 3 (Stretching the upper legs)<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">1. Place one leg in front of the other.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">2. Lower your hips slightly as if you are about to sit on a
chair. This will cause the knee of your front leg to bend. Do not let it bend
beyond the length of the foot. Keep bending and straightening your standing
knee for about 5 to 10 times.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">3. Once finished, shake the exercised leg.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">4. Switch to the other leg and repeat the same.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>Exercise 4 (Stretching your inner legs, hips, and back)<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">1. Stand with your legs spread a comfortable width apart.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">1. Fold forward, bending the knees. You may not put your
hands on the ground if that is too difficult.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">2. With your hands in the center, take 3 deep breaths and
relax by allowing gravity to naturally stretch your body.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">3. Then slowly walk your hands to one foot. Hang onto the
leg or the floor and hold this position for three slow, deep breaths.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">4. Go over to the other foot. Hold this position for three
deep breaths.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">5. Move your hands back to the center and reach between your
legs behind you. Hold this position for three deep breaths.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">6. Once finished, go back to standing position and place
your hands for support as you stand.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>Exercise 5 (stretching the front of the body)<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">1. Place your feet beyond hip-width apart.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">2. Place your hands partly on the lower back. You can look
down or up.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">3. Bend your knees slightly and bow your back slightly as
you move your hips forward.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">4. Gently rotate to one side, looking behind and keeping the
bowed position. Take three deep breaths.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">5. Come center and rotate in the opposite direction. Take
three deep breaths.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">6. Return to the center position. Take three deep breaths
and come standing in a normal position.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>Exercise 6 (Wall sit exercise/stretching upper leg
muscles)<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">1. Sit with your back against the wall as though you were
sitting on a chair, feet a comfortable distance apart.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">2. Once it becomes slightly uncomfortable, move up the wall
about an inch or two.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">3. Again if this becomes too uncomfortable, move up the wall
about an inch or two. The goal is to allow your legs to tremor/shake without
pain.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">4. After about 3 to 5 minutes, push off the wall to a
standing position.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">5. Bend your knees slightly and allow yourself to hang
forward. It is normal for the body to start shaking in this position. Touch the
ground with your hands and stay there for a minute if possible.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>Exercise 7 (Floor sequence)<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">1 Lay on the floor and bend your knees.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">2. Open the knees wide in a rest position with your foot
soles touching and the heels close to your body.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">3. From that position, lift your hips off the ground for 30
seconds to one minute.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">4. Gently set your hips down on the ground and let your
knees relax for a minute.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">5. Slightly close your knees about an inch or two and hold
this position for two minutes. It is normal for you to experience
tremoring/shaking in this position. If it gets uncomfortable stop by stretching
the legs out and pulling the toes back.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">When you’re done or if you needed a break, try walking
around or sitting down and breathing in a relaxed manner.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJKMG2IJg9nzYzWM4SSM3ixpReGEvxLZlR4Hq_6VLP6dGPpka4ibiELZndt3KozAq3xr9RTcDgrPwhw-sqHs5cvhGsltf4Z05HyA2BGdH7d7Hdyp_QBGlVlOJORKPH9kWHMn_dtnZEU_lHuCI2bAVp_4A08ZR6fp9TUxie-IwIaIe-4R1UkHiQCg/s2048/13.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1447" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJKMG2IJg9nzYzWM4SSM3ixpReGEvxLZlR4Hq_6VLP6dGPpka4ibiELZndt3KozAq3xr9RTcDgrPwhw-sqHs5cvhGsltf4Z05HyA2BGdH7d7Hdyp_QBGlVlOJORKPH9kWHMn_dtnZEU_lHuCI2bAVp_4A08ZR6fp9TUxie-IwIaIe-4R1UkHiQCg/w452-h640/13.jpeg" width="452" /></a></div><br /><p class="MsoNormal"><i>Sources and Additional Information:<o:p></o:p></i></p><p class="MsoNormal"><i><a href="https://www.lesleychorn.co.za/tre">https://www.lesleychorn.co.za/tre</a><o:p></o:p></i></p><p class="MsoNormal"><i><a href="https://thewaveclinic.com/treatment/tension-and-trauma-release-exercise/">https://thewaveclinic.com/treatment/tension-and-trauma-release-exercise/</a><o:p></o:p></i></p><p class="MsoNormal"><i><a href="https://traumaprevention.com/">https://traumaprevention.com/</a><o:p></o:p></i></p><p class="MsoNormal"><i><a href="https://ineffableliving.com/7-trauma-release-exercises/">https://ineffableliving.com/7-trauma-release-exercises/</a><o:p></o:p></i></p><p class="MsoNormal">
</p><p class="MsoNormal"><i><a href="https://tre-online.com/what-is-tre/">https://tre-online.com/what-is-tre/</a><o:p></o:p></i></p><br />Michael Pekkerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00719697048984156330noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7117914696834537995.post-2647555911541091772023-04-30T01:37:00.003-07:002023-04-30T01:37:16.375-07:00Can PTSD Cause Depression?<p> Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a mental health
condition that arises due to experiencing or witnessing traumatic events such
as military combat, physical or sexual assault, natural disasters, or
accidents. PTSD is often known to lead to various symptoms such as anxiety,
flashbacks, nightmares, and difficulties in sleeping. However, one of the most
severe symptoms of PTSD is depression.</p><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">PTSD is known to cause depression due to the ongoing
emotional stress that a person experiences over a sustained period. A traumatic
experience often leaves an individual in a state of constant distress,
exacerbating significant negative feelings and emotions such as sadness, guilt,
anger, or despair. This can lead to the development of depression, feelings of
worthlessness, and loss of interest in previously enjoyed activities.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Depression can be especially concerning in people with
PTSD because it often leads to them becoming more vulnerable and susceptible to
future traumatic events. The combination of PTSD and depression can increase
the chances of re-experiencing traumatic events and developing negative coping
mechanisms such as substance abuse or self-harm.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Additionally, PTSD can cause changes in the brain's
chemical and hormonal balances, leading to an imbalance in neurotransmitters
such as serotonin and dopamine. These changes can result in a feeling of low
self-esteem, hopelessness, and a lack of motivation to do everyday tasks,
thereby leading to depression.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Moreover, PTSD and depression share similar symptoms,
such as a lack of appetite, insomnia, and fatigue. The similar symptoms can
lead to difficulties in diagnosing depression in people with PTSD, thereby
making it challenging to distinguish between the two.<o:p></o:p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjS5gjYB1LrCyKWAxu2z7mnWtv0Iz6cZAGcxcnvoAQP0vgHsq-YLZI-uQo-xmcS_HS0Jidyki4aJ_c1HPqPzQKtFfeumhrcnEDfkx1RpUKbwKbEPlT5OI5rX9-_oP-9Xn8SkasH9DeEyRgXcE4p7JlzZNK1zS0BHj5uL3Vl9IaoSFgFEVHqbELD1g/s478/61.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="367" data-original-width="478" height="308" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjS5gjYB1LrCyKWAxu2z7mnWtv0Iz6cZAGcxcnvoAQP0vgHsq-YLZI-uQo-xmcS_HS0Jidyki4aJ_c1HPqPzQKtFfeumhrcnEDfkx1RpUKbwKbEPlT5OI5rX9-_oP-9Xn8SkasH9DeEyRgXcE4p7JlzZNK1zS0BHj5uL3Vl9IaoSFgFEVHqbELD1g/w400-h308/61.JPG" width="400" /></a></div><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><br /></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b>Compare symptoms of PTSD and Depression<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">The symptoms of depression and PTSD are described in
the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5).</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEig0UWnqyTrzJufT0JQ0syxzictooxBcLUjEtMWBduoKxseeTcQJlCmcRaJ7fodz3yaocRULw6DjFhLCV7U1Pf7lFDjAq2FgXc3fTjMXwIkf_II37hgDnboRa9lwSRZ4PS8oKYSa2e-APSnUJGdfOtVlkeUbh4xQoOlr7qOPnwIJdk0A97wucZBMA/s564/62.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="456" data-original-width="564" height="324" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEig0UWnqyTrzJufT0JQ0syxzictooxBcLUjEtMWBduoKxseeTcQJlCmcRaJ7fodz3yaocRULw6DjFhLCV7U1Pf7lFDjAq2FgXc3fTjMXwIkf_II37hgDnboRa9lwSRZ4PS8oKYSa2e-APSnUJGdfOtVlkeUbh4xQoOlr7qOPnwIJdk0A97wucZBMA/w400-h324/62.JPG" width="400" /></a></div>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b>How Common Is Depression Following Trauma?<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">In any given year, almost 1 in 10 adult Americans has
some type of depression. Depression often occurs after trauma. For example, a
survey of survivors from the Oklahoma City bombing showed that 23% had
depression after the bombing. This was compared to 13% who had depression
before the bombing. PTSD and depression are often seen together. Results from a
large national survey showed that depression is nearly 3 to 5 times more likely
in those with PTSD than those without PTSD.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b>Treatment for PTSD and Depression<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Some treatments are able to help both of these
co-occurring disorders, especially with overlapping symptoms. For example,
cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) can help change thought patterns and
behaviors for both PTSD and depression. Also, doctors use the medicine
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) for both disorders.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Depression and PTSD often co-occur, especially as a
response to a traumatic experience. Because many of the symptoms of PTSD and
depression are the same or similar, it can be difficult to know which one you
are facing—or if you have both as co-occurring disorders. A qualified mental
health professional and care at a residential treatment facility can provide a
proper diagnosis and a personalized treatment plan for your individual
situation and help you recover from PTSD and depression.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><i>Sources and Additional Information:<o:p></o:p></i></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><i><a href="https://www.ptsd.va.gov/understand/related/depression_trauma.asp">https://www.ptsd.va.gov/understand/related/depression_trauma.asp</a><o:p></o:p></i></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><i><a href="https://www.verywellmind.com/ptsd-and-depression-2797533">https://www.verywellmind.com/ptsd-and-depression-2797533</a><o:p></o:p></i></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><i><a href="https://www.bridgestorecovery.com/post-traumatic-stress-disorder/ptsd-and-depression/">https://www.bridgestorecovery.com/post-traumatic-stress-disorder/ptsd-and-depression/</a><o:p></o:p></i></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><i><a href="https://psychcentral.com/depression/trauma-and-depression#next-steps">https://psychcentral.com/depression/trauma-and-depression#next-steps</a><o:p></o:p></i></p>Michael Pekkerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00719697048984156330noreply@blogger.com